Viola douglasii |
Viola japonica |
|
---|---|---|
Douglas' golden violet, Douglas' or Douglas' golden violet, Douglas' violet, Douglas' yellow violet, golden violet |
Japanese violet |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–20 cm. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–10 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. |
Stems | 1–3, decumbent or ascending to erect, ca. 1/2 subterranean, glabrous or puberulent, from single, short, vertical, deep-seated caudex. |
|
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6, bipinnately compound, leaflets 3–5; stipules adnate to petiole forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, unlobed, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute to acuminate; petiole 5–6.8 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, 3.5–5 × 2.4–3.5 cm, base tapered, leaflets 3–5-lobed, lobes linear, narrowly elliptic, or oblong, 1–2.5(–5) mm wide, margins entire, usually densely ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: stipules ovate to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, apex acute; petiole 0.9–4 cm; blade 1.1–4.1 × 1–3.6 cm. |
basal, ca. 5, ascending to erect; stipules ± oblong, 2-fid, proximal margins entire, distal ± serrate, apex acuminate; petiole narrowly winged distally, 1–14 cm, usually glabrous; blade unlobed, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 3–8 × 3–5.5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate, usually eciliate, apex acute or ± obtuse, surfaces sparsely puberulent. |
Peduncles | 2–12.5 cm, glabrous or puberulent. |
3–6 cm, glabrous or pubescent, bracteoles near middle. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; petals light golden yellow adaxially, upper 2 dark brown to ± black abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–21 mm, spur dark greenish to dark brown, gibbous, 1.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals broadly lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 6–8 mm; petals light violet or whitish violet on both surfaces, lowest 3 occasionally white basally, often dark violet-veined, lateral 2 sparsely bearded or beardless, lowest 17–20 mm, spur pale to dark violet, elongated, 5–10 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers present. |
Capsules | spherical to oblong, 5–12 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 8–10 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | light brown, 2.8–3.3 mm. |
unknown. |
Gardens | and ruderal areas; 10–50 m; introduced; Mass.; Asia (China, Japan, Korea). |
|
2n | = 24, 48. |
= 48.Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Viola douglasii |
Viola japonica |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Vernally moist grassy slopes and flats, often serpentine soil (except Oregon) | Gardens and ruderal areas |
Elevation | 20–2300 m (100–7500 ft) | 10–50 m (0–200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
|
MA; Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Viola douglasii is tetraploid (n = 12) south of, and octoploid (n = 24) north of, San Francisco Bay, California. It forms sterile hybrids with V. quercetorum (J. Clausen 1964). V. B. Baird (1936) described V. douglasii × purpurea, which Clausen later said was actually V. quercetorum, not described at the time of Baird’s publication. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 129. | FNA vol. 6, p. 134. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. chrysantha | |
Name authority | Steudel: Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2. 771. (1841) | Langsdorff ex Gingins: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 295. (1824) |
Web links |