Viola cuneata |
Viola villosa |
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northern two-eyed or wedge-leaf violet, northern two-eyed violet, wedge-leaf violet |
Carolina violet, southern woolly violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 2–25 cm. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. |
Stems | 1–3, usually erect, sometimes prostrate or ascending, glabrous, from shallow, fleshy rhizome or deep-seated caudex with fleshy roots. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 2–6; stipules lanceolate, margins entire or gland-toothed, apex acute; petiole 4.5–9.8 cm, glabrous; blade purple-veined, orbiculate-ovate to deltate, 1–4 × 2.7–3.8 cm, usually shiny, leathery, base cuneate, margins serrate, eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate to ovate, margins entire or erose to lacerate, with or without gland-tipped processes, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; blade usually rhombic, sometimes orbiculate, 0.9–2.6 × 0.7–1.8 cm, margins crenate to ± serrate, apex acute to obtuse. |
basal, 4–9, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 3–10 cm, densely pubescent; blade unlobed, reniform or ovate to elliptic, 1–8 × 1–5.5 cm, base cordate, margins serrate, ciliate, apex rounded to acute, mucronulate, surfaces densely pubescent. |
Peduncles | 1–10.5 cm, glabrous. |
4–10 cm, puberulent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep reddish violet abaxially, white adaxially, upper 2 sometimes with purple patch basally, lateral 2 with purple patch basally beyond smaller yellow area, usually bearded, sometimes beardless, lowest purple-veined with yellow area basally, 8–14 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, spur sometimes bearded, lowest 10–20 mm, spur usually white, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. |
Capsules | ± spherical, 5–9 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | deep brown-purple, 2.1–3 mm. |
beige, mottled to bronze, or dark brown, 1.5–2 mm. |
2n | = 54. |
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Viola cuneata |
Viola villosa |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Open pine or oak forests, often serpentine soil | Sandy, pine-oak and pine-oak-hickory woods and disturbed ground |
Elevation | 600–2200 m (2000–7200 ft) | 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX
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Discussion | Viola cuneata often occurs on serpentine-derived soil and is closely related to V. flettii, V. hallii, and V. ocellata (V. B. Baird 1942). Originally described as beardless by Watson, the lateral petals of flowers in the same population can be prominently bearded or essentially beardless. The cauline blades of Viola cuneata are often vertical, especially early in season. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Much of the foliage of Viola villosa remains green throughout the winter (V. B. Baird 1942). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 129. | FNA vol. 6, p. 163. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. alabamensis | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 290. (1879) | Walter: Fl. Carol., 219. (1788) |
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