Viola cuneata |
Viola pubescens |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
northern two-eyed or wedge-leaf violet, northern two-eyed violet, wedge-leaf violet |
downy yellow violet, yellow forest violet |
|||||
Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 2–25 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 10–45 cm. | ||||
Stems | 1–3, usually erect, sometimes prostrate or ascending, glabrous, from shallow, fleshy rhizome or deep-seated caudex with fleshy roots. |
1–3+, ascending to erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or puberulent, from subligneous rhizome. |
||||
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 2–6; stipules lanceolate, margins entire or gland-toothed, apex acute; petiole 4.5–9.8 cm, glabrous; blade purple-veined, orbiculate-ovate to deltate, 1–4 × 2.7–3.8 cm, usually shiny, leathery, base cuneate, margins serrate, eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate to ovate, margins entire or erose to lacerate, with or without gland-tipped processes, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; blade usually rhombic, sometimes orbiculate, 0.9–2.6 × 0.7–1.8 cm, margins crenate to ± serrate, apex acute to obtuse. |
basal and cauline; basal: 0–4; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins entire, coarsely toothed, or crenate, apex acute or obtuse; petiole 2.7–19.6 cm, lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.1–0.5 mm; petals lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 and sometimes others, bearded, lowest 8–18 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 1–2.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
||||
Peduncles | 1–10.5 cm, glabrous. |
|||||
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep reddish violet abaxially, white adaxially, upper 2 sometimes with purple patch basally, lateral 2 with purple patch basally beyond smaller yellow area, usually bearded, sometimes beardless, lowest purple-veined with yellow area basally, 8–14 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
|||||
Capsules | ± spherical, 5–9 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 8–12(–20) mm, glabrous or tomentose. |
||||
Seeds | deep brown-purple, 2.1–3 mm. |
brown, 1.8–3 mm. |
||||
2n | = 12. |
|||||
Viola cuneata |
Viola pubescens |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Open pine or oak forests, often serpentine soil | |||||
Elevation | 600–2200 m (2000–7200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
|
||||
Discussion | Viola cuneata often occurs on serpentine-derived soil and is closely related to V. flettii, V. hallii, and V. ocellata (V. B. Baird 1942). Originally described as beardless by Watson, the lateral petals of flowers in the same population can be prominently bearded or essentially beardless. The cauline blades of Viola cuneata are often vertical, especially early in season. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Viola pubescens is similar in overall appearance to V. glabella. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 129. | FNA vol. 6, p. 149. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Crocion pubescens | |||||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 290. (1879) | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 290. (1789) | ||||
Web links |