Viola cucullata |
Viola tricolor |
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blue marsh violet, marsh blue or northern bog or marsh or blue marsh violet, marsh blue violet, violette cucullée |
European wild pansy, garden violet, heart's ease, johnny-jump-up -, johnny-jump-up violet, ladies delight, northern violet, pansy, violette tricolore, wild pansy |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–20 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | |
Leaves | basal, 4–8, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 6–20 cm, usually glabrous; blade unlobed, ovate to reniform, 1.5–11 × 1–9 cm, base reniform to cordate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate, apex acute or obtuse to slightly caudate, surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
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Peduncles | 7–25 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 3–6 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet to violet on both surfaces, upper 2 and lateral 2 darker basally, lateral 2 densely bearded, lowest white basally, dark purple-veined, 9–13 mm, spur color same as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid to ± ovoid, 10–15 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, 1–2 mm. |
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2n | = 54. |
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Viola cucullata |
Viola tricolor |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |
Habitat | Open or wooded wet areas, seeps, springs, swamps, marshes, streamsides | |
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | |
Distribution |
AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM
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AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia
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Discussion | Viola cucullata reportedly hybridizes with V. sororia (= V. ×bissellii House), V. brittoniana (= V. ×notabilis E. P. Bicknell), and V. sagittata var. sagittata (= V. ×porteriana House). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 128. | FNA vol. 6, p. 160. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. cucullata var. leptosepala, V. cucullata var. macrotis, V. cucullata var. microtitis, V. dicksonii, V. leptosepala, V. macrotis | |
Name authority | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 288. (1789) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 935. (1753) |
Web links |
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