Viola canadensis |
Viola selkirkii |
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Canada violet, Canada white violet, Canadian violet, Canadian white violet, rugose violet |
great-spur or long-spur or Selkirk's violet, great-spur violet, Selkirk's violet, violette de Selkirk |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–46(–60) cm, with branching rhizomes forming colonies or not. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 4–15 cm; rhizome slender, not fleshy. | ||||||||
Stems | 1–3(4), usually erect to ascending, glabrous or puberulent, from fleshy or subligneous rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–5; stipules ± oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, margins entire, sometimes glandular, apex acuminate to cuspidate; petiole 1.1–23 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate to broadly ovate or ovate-reniform, 0.7–12.4 × 0.9–11.1(–12.3) cm, base cordate, subcordate, or truncate, margins crenate, crenulate, or serrulate, ciliate (sometimes only on proximal 1/2) or eciliate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent (often only on veins); cauline similar to basal except: stipules also deltate, margins also erose or laciniate, apex acute, long-acuminate to cuspidate, or ± truncate, occasionally 2- or 3-fid; petiole 0.1–6.9(–15.2) cm; blade ovate to deltate, 1.2–7.7 × 0.8–7.8 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate or crenulate to ± serrulate. |
basal, 2–12, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1.5–7 cm, not winged, glabrous or pubescent; blade unlobed, usually ovate, rarely orbiculate, 1–5 × 1–5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to crenulate or serrate, eciliate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces glabrous or sometimes pubescent abaxially, strigose adaxially. |
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Peduncles | 1–6.1 cm, glabrate to puberulent, sometimes glabrous below bracteoles. |
3–6 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins usually eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.3 mm; petals white adaxially, upper 2 and lower 3 tinged soft reddish violet abaxially, rarely white on both surfaces, all petals usually with yellow patch basally, lower 3 usually purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 5.5–20 mm, spur white, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary or absent. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 beardless, lowest 8–13 mm, spur pale to dark violet, elongated, 4–7 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
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Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5–10 mm, sometimes muriculate, glabrous or puberulent. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 4–8 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | brown to dark brown or purplish black, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
brown, 1–2 mm. |
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2n | = 24. |
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Viola canadensis |
Viola selkirkii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | |||||||||
Habitat | Wet to moist places, thickets, mixed or coniferous woods | |||||||||
Elevation | 200–3000 m (700–9800 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
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AK; CO; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Eurasia
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola selkirkii occurs on the southwestern coast of Greenland, north to 63ºN (L. Brouillet, pers. comm.). Presence of V. selkirkii in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut is considered doubtful (L. Brouillet et al., http://canadensys.net/vascan). K. W. Allred (2008) said that V. selkirkii was considered by W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins (1980) to be expected in New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 125. | FNA vol. 6, p. 157. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 936. (1753) | Pursh ex Goldie: Edinburgh Philos. J. 6: 324. (1822) | ||||||||
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