Viola bicolor |
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field pansy, violette de Rafinesque, wild pansy |
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Peduncles | 1–4.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals ovate to lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–2 mm; petals white or cream to pale bluish violet on both surfaces, dark purple-veined, lateral 2 longer than sepals, bearded, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white to blue-violet, gibbous, 1–1.5 mm, shorter than or equaling sepal auricles; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ellipsoid to oblong, 4–7 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | beige to bronze, 0.3–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 34. |
Viola bicolor |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Prairies, open woodlands, fields, pastures, roadsides, lawns, waste ground |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; SK
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Discussion | Viola bicolor is the only pansy native to North America (V. B. Baird 1942; J. Clausen et al. 1964; A. E. Radford et al. 1968) and is the only annual Viola species that produces cleistogamous flowers (Baird; A. Gershoy 1934). Roots of V. bicolor have the odor of wintergreen when crushed (W. J. Hayden and J. Clough 1990). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 122. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | V. kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei, V. rafinesquei |
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 175. (1813) |
Web links |