Viola bakeri |
Viola hallii |
|
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Baker's violet, yellow prairie violet |
Hall's violet, Oregon violet, wild pansy |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–30 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–22 cm. |
Stems | 1–4, usually erect, sometimes prostrate or decumbent, leafy proximally and distally, usually puberulent, from usually vertical, subligneous rhizome. |
1–3, decumbent or ascending to erect, ca. 1/2 subterranean, glabrous, clustered on single, short, vertical, deep-seated caudex. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–4; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute to acuminate; petiole 1–15.4 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade lanceolate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, rarely ovate, 1.8–8.8 × 0.7–3.9 cm, thin, base attenuate, often oblique, margins usually entire, sometimes with a few sharp teeth or crenulate, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent on margins or veins; cauline similar to basal except: stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins entire or lacerate, sometimes with glandular projections, apex with 2–3 projections; petiole 1.5–7.5 cm; blade 1.9–6.7 × 0.5–1.6 cm. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–4, palmately compound, ± 2-ternate or 3-ternate, leaflets 3; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, unlobed, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute; petiole 5–8 cm, glabrous; blade ovate to deltate, 2.8–6 × 2.6–6.5 cm, ± coriaceous, base tapered, ultimate lobes narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 1–7 mm wide, margins entire, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: stipules usually lanceolate, sometimes broadly ovate, ± leaflike, margins toothed; petiole 1.3–6 cm; blade 2–4.8 × 1.2–5.5 cm. |
Peduncles | 1.5–11.6 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
2.5–11 cm, glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, upper 2 often brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 dark brown- to brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 sparsely bearded, lowest 6–14 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals: upper 2 almost black abaxially, dark reddish violet adaxially, lower 3 pale yellow, cream, or ± white, lateral 2 bearded, with deep yellow to orange patch basally, dark reddish violet-veined, lowest with deep yellow to orange patch basally, dark reddish violet-veined, 5–18 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
Capsules | spherical to ovoid, 5–10 mm, usually glabrous, rarely finely puberulent. |
ellipsoid, 4–12 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | light to medium brown or dark red-brown, 2.6–3.1 mm, elaiosome not covering funiculus. |
light brown, shiny, 3.2–3.5 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
= 60, 72. |
Viola bakeri |
Viola hallii |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Wet and dry places in openings of coniferous forests | Open forests, grassy hills, chaparral, frequently serpentine or gravelly soil |
Elevation | 900–3800 m (3000–12500 ft) | 500–2100 m (1600–6900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR; WA
|
CA; OR
|
Discussion | M. S. Baker (1957) wrote that Viola bakeri flowers were often without a brownish tinge on the back. Subsequent collections have shown that the upper two petals of V. bakeri are often brownish purple abaxially and thus this characteristic cannot be used to distinguish V. bakeri from V. praemorsa, as previously done (P. A. Munz 1959; C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 3). Greene wrote in his description of Viola bakeri that the whole plant was glabrous; he did not mention leaf margins. M. S. Baker (1957) examined the type specimen at UC and apparently was the first to document that its leaf margins are entire. He also noted that under magnification the leaves are ciliate and more or less puberulent. D. M. Fabijan et al. (1987) stated that margins were always entire and ciliate and more or less pubescent throughout. Some collections of V. bakeri from California have leaves with a sharp point or two on the margin, or crenulations on some portion of the basal or cauline blade margins. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola hallii was discovered on the grounds of Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, by Elihu Hall, a professor at that institution (V. B. Baird 1942). Leaves of V. hallii are similar to V. beckwithii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 121. | FNA vol. 6, p. 133. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. bakeri subsp. shastensis, V. nuttallii var. bakeri | |
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 3: 307. (1898) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 377. (1872) |
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