Vicia sativa |
Vicia acutifolia |
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common vetch, garden vetch, spring vetch, tare |
fourleaf vetch, sand vetch |
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Habit | Herbs annual. | Herbs perennial. | ||||
Stems | erect-ascending or climbing, slender to robust, 3–10 dm. |
few, sprawling or climbing, slender, 2–15 dm. |
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Leaves | 3–8 cm; tendrils simple or branched; stipules foliose, approaching leaflets in size, semisagittate, with nectariferous patch abaxially; leaflets 8–14, blades ovate-oblong, narrowly elliptic, or linear [obovate], 15–30 × 5–15 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, distinctly apiculate, surfaces hirsute. |
2–6 cm; tendrils simple or branched; stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch; leaflets (2 or)4(or 6), blades narrowly lanceolate to linear, 15–30 × 1–5 mm, apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely long-pubescent. |
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Inflorescences | usually (1 or)2(–4)-flowered, 0–1 cm. |
4–10-flowered, 2–7 cm, longer than subtending leaf rachis. |
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Flowers | 10–30 mm; calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, ± equal to tube; corolla violet-purple, lavender, or whitish, banner stenonychioid, blade shorter than or equal to claw, glabrous; style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially. |
6–8 mm; calyx base symmetric, lobes unequal, longest one shorter than tube; corolla pale blue or lavender to white, banner pandurate, blade subequal to claw, glabrous; style compressed adaxially, evenly pubescent apically. |
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Legumes | yellow to brown, or reddish brown to black, linear, 25–60 × 3–11 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent; stipe absent. |
brown to black, linear-oblong, 20–25 × 4–6 mm, oblique-tipped, sparsely long-pubescent; stipe to 1–2 mm. |
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Seeds | 4–12, usually greenish gray to maroon or black, rarely yellowish white, globose or ± compressed, 3–5 mm diam.; hilum encircling 1/6–1/5 circumference of seed. |
4–8, purplish black, compressed-globose, 2–2.5 mm diam.; hilum encircling 2/3 circumference of seed. |
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Vicia sativa |
Vicia acutifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | |||||
Habitat | Wet woodlands, margins of swamps, wet ditches, sandy soils. | |||||
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, South America, elsewhere in Asia, Africa, Australia]
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FL; GA; SC
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (2 in the flora). D. Zohary and U. Plitmann (1979) provided a detailed description of the morphological and genetic variation found within the Vicia sativa complex. Of the seven infraspecific taxa they described, two (vars. angustifolia and sativa) are cultivated as forage crops and widely introduced in the flora area. Variety angustifolia is an aggressive colonizer of cultivated and disturbed habitats. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Typical Vicia acutifolia has four leaflets. Populations in the northern part of its range in Georgia and South Carolina sometimes have six somewhat broader leaflets, which may indicate intergradation with V. caroliniana (D. Isely 1990). Vicia acutifolia differs from V. floridana in its longer fruits, flowers, leaflets, and inflorescences. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 736. (1753) | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 225. (1823) | ||||
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