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American vetch, purple vetch

Hungarian vetch

Habit Herbs perennial. Herbs annual.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm.

erect, sprawling, or climbing, robust, 3–8 dm.

Leaves

2–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent.

4–8 cm;

tendrils rudimentary or branched;

stipules foliose, approaching leaflets in size, semisagittate, with nectariferous patch abaxially;

leaflets 10–20, blades obovate or oblong-elliptic to linear, 5–20 × 2–6 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, surfaces pilose.

Inflorescences

3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis.

2–4-flowered, 0–1 cm.

Flowers

12–25 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

14–20 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes unequal, abaxial lobe subequal to tube;

corolla cream, sometimes with purplish tinge, banner oblong, blade subequal to claw, pubescent adaxially;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

Legumes

tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe to 4–5 mm.

purple to black, elliptic, 20–30 × 7–11 mm, oblique-tipped, villous;

stipe to 1–2 mm.

Seeds

number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

2–8, purplish, sometimes spotted black, globose to strongly flatted, 3–5 mm diam.;

hilum whitish, linear, encircling 1/6–1/4 circumference of seed.

2n

= 12.

Vicia americana

Vicia pannonica

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Pastures, meadows, roadsides.
Elevation 0–500 m. [0–1600 ft.]
Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CA; CT; GA; ID; NC; OR; WA; c Europe [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Vicia pannonica is cultivated for forage and as a seed crop and has become locally established, particularly in Pacific Coast states.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually 4–20 dm, trailing or climbing; leaves with branched tendrils; inflorescences (3–)4–9-flowered.
var. americana
1. Stems usually to 4 dm, erect; leaves often with simple tendrils; inflorescences 3–4(–5)-flowered.
var. minor
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. americana var. americana, V. americana var. minor
Name authority Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) Crantz: Stirp. Austr. Fasc. ed. 2, 2: 393. (1769)
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