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American vetch, purple vetch

narbonne vetch, purple broad vetch

Habit Herbs perennial. Herbs annual.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm.

erect, stout, 3–7 dm.

Leaves

2–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent.

3–8 cm;

tendrils simple on proximal leaves, branched on distal leaves;

stipules foliose, approaching leaflets in size, semicordate, with nectariferous patch abaxially;

leaflets 2–6, blades obovate to elliptic, 30–60 × 20–35 mm, margins rarely serrate, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely pubescent.

Inflorescences

3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis.

1–4-flowered, to 1 cm, much shorter than subtending leaf rachis.

Flowers

12–25 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

15–30 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes unequal, to 2 times as long as tube;

corolla purple, drying black, banner stenonychioid, blade subequal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

Legumes

tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe to 4–5 mm.

black, linear, 30–70 × 10–15 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous, sutures with pustulate-based bristles;

stipe absent.

Seeds

number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

4–6, purplish violet to black, subglobose or compressed-globose, 5–6 mm diam.;

hilum whitish, short, oblong, encircling 1/8 circumference of seed.

2n

= 14.

Vicia americana

Vicia narbonensis

Phenology Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–500 m. [0–1600 ft.]
Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
DC; MD; NY; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Africa]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Vicia narbonensis is cultivated as a forage crop and is locally established in the flora area.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually 4–20 dm, trailing or climbing; leaves with branched tendrils; inflorescences (3–)4–9-flowered.
var. americana
1. Stems usually to 4 dm, erect; leaves often with simple tendrils; inflorescences 3–4(–5)-flowered.
var. minor
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Treatment author: Steven L. Broich.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. americana var. americana, V. americana var. minor
Name authority Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 737. (1753)
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