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American vetch, purple vetch

deerpea vetch, Louisiana vetch, slender vetch

Habit Herbs perennial. Herbs annual or winter annual.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm.

sprawling or climbing, slender to robust, 2–20 dm.

Leaves

2–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent.

2–10 cm;

tendrils branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 7–14, blades ovate to linear, 5–25 × 1–11 mm, apex acute to emarginate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent.

Inflorescences

3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis.

2–19-flowered, 1–15 cm, or flowers 1, ± shorter than subtending leaf rachis.

Flowers

12–25 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

4–7 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than or equal to tube;

corolla deep blue to bluish purple or pinkish white to light lavender, banner pandurate, blade equal to or longer than claw, glabrous;

style compressed adaxially, pubescent apically.

Legumes

tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe to 4–5 mm.

yellow to brown, flat, rhombic-oblong, 16–30 × 4–6 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous;

stipe to 1 mm.

Seeds

number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

4–8, brownish gray, mottled dark purple, subglobose to compressed-subglobose, 2.2–2.5 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

Vicia americana

Vicia ludoviciana

Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

J. S. Lassetter (1984) showed that the taxa traditionally treated as Vicia exigua, V. leavenworthii, V. ludoviciana, and V. producta are morphologically confluent and part of one evolving species complex. Within the complex, there is a strong tendency toward cleistogamy in populations traditionally delimited as V. leavenworthii: styles and anthers are shorter and pollination takes place before flowers open and peduncles fully elongate. Lassetter treated cleistogamous populations as var. leavenworthii and all other populations as var. ludoviciana.

J. S. Lassetter (1984), D. Isely (1998), and S. L. Broich (2007) presented more detailed treatments of vars. leavenworthii and ludoviciana, delimiting two races within var. leavenworthii and five races within var. ludoviciana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually 4–20 dm, trailing or climbing; leaves with branched tendrils; inflorescences (3–)4–9-flowered.
var. americana
1. Stems usually to 4 dm, erect; leaves often with simple tendrils; inflorescences 3–4(–5)-flowered.
var. minor
1. Leaflets 7–10(–14); flowers opening after peduncle and internode elongation, without young fruit when first open.
var. ludoviciana
1. Leaflets 11–14; flowers opening before peduncle and internode elongation, usually with young fruit when first open.
var. leavenworthii
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Treatment author: Steven L. Broich.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. americana var. americana, V. americana var. minor
V. ludoviciana var. leavenworthii, V. ludoviciana var. ludoviciana
Name authority Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 271. (1838)
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