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American vetch, purple vetch

Hasse's vetch, slender vetch

Habit Herbs perennial. Herbs annual.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm.

sprawling or climbing, somewhat robust, to 10 dm.

Leaves

2–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent.

2–4 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 4–8, blades elliptic to lanceolate-linear, 8–40 × 1–9 mm, apex acute to truncate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

Inflorescences

3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis.

1- or 2-flowered, 1–3 cm, ± shorter than subtending leaf rachis.

Flowers

12–25 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

6–9 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, 1/2 length of tube;

corolla white to faint bluish or lavender, banner pandurate, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed adaxially, pubescent along style.

Legumes

tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe to 4–5 mm.

tawny, oblong, 22–38 × 5–7 mm, oblique-tipped, strongly reticulate-veined, glabrous or finely pubescent;

stipe to 2–3 mm.

Seeds

number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

4–7, purplish black, compressed-subglobose, 2.5–3 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/5 circumference of seed.

2n

= 14.

Vicia americana

Vicia hassei

Phenology Flowering Mar–Apr.
Habitat Sandy or rocky soils, understory of grass- or brush-covered slopes, streamsides, flood­plains, forest margins.
Elevation 0–1200 m. [0–3900 ft.]
Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Vicia hassei was reduced to a variety of V. exigua (= V. ludoviciana var. ludoviciana) by Jepson in 1901. J. S. Lassetter (1975) made a case for retaining V. hassei as a separate species. Chromosomes of V. hassei are much larger than those of V. ludoviciana. Ovaries of V. hassei are pubescent; those of V. ludoviciana are glabrous. Arrangement of hairs on the stylar apices differs, with V. hassei having a pronounced inequilateral stylar brush, and V. ludoviciana having hairs distributed evenly around the tip of the style.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually 4–20 dm, trailing or climbing; leaves with branched tendrils; inflorescences (3–)4–9-flowered.
var. americana
1. Stems usually to 4 dm, erect; leaves often with simple tendrils; inflorescences 3–4(–5)-flowered.
var. minor
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Treatment author: Steven L. Broich.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. americana var. americana, V. americana var. minor
Synonyms V. exigua var. hassei
Name authority Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 129. (1890)
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