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American vetch, purple vetch

American vetch, bird vetch, cat peas, cow vetch, tinegrass, tuft vetch

Habit Herbs perennial. Herbs perennial.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm.

sprawling or climbing, slender to robust, to 20 dm.

Leaves

2–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent.

2–8 cm;

tendrils usually branched;

stipules foliose, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 10–28, blades narrowly oblong or elliptic to linear, 10–25 × 2–8 mm, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces glabrate to pilose.

Inflorescences

3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis.

10–50-flowered, 4–20 cm, equal to or longer than subtending leaf rachis.

Flowers

12–25 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

8–16 mm;

calyx base symmetric to slightly gibbous, lobes unequal, pilose, lateral ones equal to tube;

corolla usually blue-violet or purple, sometimes lilac or whitish, banner pandurate, blade equal to or longer than claw, glabrous;

style compressed adaxially, pubescent apically.

Legumes

tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe to 4–5 mm.

tawny, broadly oblong, 15–30 × 6–8 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous;

stipe to 1.5 mm.

Seeds

number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

4–8, dark grayish to purplish brown, sometimes mottled purple, globose to ellipsoid-ovoid, 2.5–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/5–1/3 circumference of seed.

2n

= 12, 14, 21, 22, 28.

Vicia americana

Vicia cracca

Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America; Eurasia [Introduced in South America, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties ca. 5 (2 in the flora).

Vicia cracca is part of a European species complex (P. W. Ball 1968) and may or may not be native to North America (F. J. Hermann 1960); it is distinguished from the similar V. villosa by a symmetric calyx base and banner blade length equal to claw.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually 4–20 dm, trailing or climbing; leaves with branched tendrils; inflorescences (3–)4–9-flowered.
var. americana
1. Stems usually to 4 dm, erect; leaves often with simple tendrils; inflorescences 3–4(–5)-flowered.
var. minor
1. Leaflet blades elliptic to oblong; inflorescences 20–50-flowered, 1–1.5 times length of subtending leaf rachis; flowers 8–12 mm, banner blades ca. equal to claw.
var. cracca
1. Leaflet blades linear; inflorescences 10–25-flowered, to 2 times length of subtending leaf rachis; flowers 12–16 mm, banner blade 2 times length of claw.
var. angustissima
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. americana var. americana, V. americana var. minor
V. cracca var. angustissima, V. cracca var. cracca
Name authority Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 735. (1753)
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