Vicia americana |
Vicia cracca |
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American vetch, purple vetch |
American vetch, bird vetch, cat peas, cow vetch, tinegrass, tuft vetch |
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Habit | Herbs perennial. | Herbs perennial. | ||||||||
Stems | erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm. |
sprawling or climbing, slender to robust, to 20 dm. |
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Leaves | 2–8 cm; tendrils simple or branched; stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch; leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent. |
2–8 cm; tendrils usually branched; stipules foliose, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch; leaflets 10–28, blades narrowly oblong or elliptic to linear, 10–25 × 2–8 mm, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces glabrate to pilose. |
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Inflorescences | 3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis. |
10–50-flowered, 4–20 cm, equal to or longer than subtending leaf rachis. |
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Flowers | 12–25 mm; calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube; corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous; style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially. |
8–16 mm; calyx base symmetric to slightly gibbous, lobes unequal, pilose, lateral ones equal to tube; corolla usually blue-violet or purple, sometimes lilac or whitish, banner pandurate, blade equal to or longer than claw, glabrous; style compressed adaxially, pubescent apically. |
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Legumes | tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent; stipe to 4–5 mm. |
tawny, broadly oblong, 15–30 × 6–8 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous; stipe to 1.5 mm. |
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Seeds | number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.; hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed. |
4–8, dark grayish to purplish brown, sometimes mottled purple, globose to ellipsoid-ovoid, 2.5–4 mm diam.; hilum encircling 1/5–1/3 circumference of seed. |
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2n | = 12, 14, 21, 22, 28. |
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Vicia americana |
Vicia cracca |
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Distribution |
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
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North America; Eurasia [Introduced in South America, Australia]
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (2 in the flora). Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties ca. 5 (2 in the flora). Vicia cracca is part of a European species complex (P. W. Ball 1968) and may or may not be native to North America (F. J. Hermann 1960); it is distinguished from the similar V. villosa by a symmetric calyx base and banner blade length equal to claw. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 735. (1753) | ||||||||
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