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American vetch, purple vetch

Carolina or pale or wood vetch, Carolina vetch

Habit Herbs perennial. Herbs perennial.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm.

sprawling or climbing, slender, 3–15 dm.

Leaves

2–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent.

2–8 cm;

tendrils mucronate on proximal leaves, simple or branched on distal leaves;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, ligulate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 10–24, blades elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate to linear, 10–30 × 2–6 mm, apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous or abaxial puberulent.

Inflorescences

3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis.

7–20-flowered, 3–10 cm, shorter to longer than subtending leaf rachis.

Flowers

12–25 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

8–12 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla white with blue tip, banner pandurate, blade equal to or longer than claw, glabrous;

style compressed adaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

Legumes

tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe to 4–5 mm.

reddish brown, narrowly oblong, 15–30 × 4–5 mm, obliquely long-tipped, glabrous;

stipe to 2 mm.

Seeds

number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

5–8 violet brown to black, compressed-subglobose or subglobose, 2–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 3/4 circumference of seed.

Vicia americana

Vicia caroliniana

Phenology Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Rich alluvial woodlands, woodland borders, roadsides, old fields.
Elevation 0–1000 m. [0–3300 ft.]
Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Vicia caroliniana possibly intergrades with V. acutifolia where their ranges overlap in Georgia and South Carolina (D. Isely 1990); V. caroliniana and V. pulchella, native to the American Southwest, are almost certainly related.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually 4–20 dm, trailing or climbing; leaves with branched tendrils; inflorescences (3–)4–9-flowered.
var. americana
1. Stems usually to 4 dm, erect; leaves often with simple tendrils; inflorescences 3–4(–5)-flowered.
var. minor
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. americana var. americana, V. americana var. minor
Synonyms V. hugeri
Name authority Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) Walter: Fl. Carol., 182. (1788)
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