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American vetch, purple vetch

pygmyflower vetch, small-flower vetch

Habit Herbs perennial. Herbs winter annual.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm.

sprawling or climbing, slender, 2–8 dm.

Leaves

2–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent.

2–6 cm;

tendrils simple or branched (absent on proximal leaves);

stipules foliose, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 2 or 4 proximally, 4–8 distally, blades ovate proximally, linear distally, 5–30 × 1–5 mm, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis.

1- or 2-flowered, 1–5 cm, ± shorter than subtending leaf rachis.

Flowers

12–25 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

5–8 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes unequal, shorter than tube;

corolla pale blue to lavender, banner pandurate, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed adaxially, pubescent apically.

Legumes

tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe to 4–5 mm.

reddish brown, narrowly oblong-falcate, 15–30 × 4–5 mm, apiculate, glabrous;

stipe absent.

Seeds

number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

6–8, blackish purple, subglobose, 2 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 5/8 circumference of seed.

Vicia americana

Vicia minutiflora

Phenology Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Mesic woodlands, limestone soils, disturbed sites.
Elevation 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; KY; LA; MO; MS; OK; TN; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually 4–20 dm, trailing or climbing; leaves with branched tendrils; inflorescences (3–)4–9-flowered.
var. americana
1. Stems usually to 4 dm, erect; leaves often with simple tendrils; inflorescences 3–4(–5)-flowered.
var. minor
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. americana var. americana, V. americana var. minor
Synonyms V. micrantha, V. reverchonii
Name authority Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) D. Dietrich: Syn. Pl. 4: 1107. (1847)
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