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American vetch, purple vetch

big-flower vetch, large yellow vetch

Habit Herbs perennial. Herbs annual.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm.

sprawling or climbing, slender to robust, 3–6 dm.

Leaves

2–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent.

1–4 cm;

tendrils branched;

stipules foliose, approaching leaflets in size, semisagittate, with nectariferous patch abaxially;

leaflets 6–14, blades oblong to linear, 10–25 × 1–5 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, surfaces finely pubescent.

Inflorescences

3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis.

1–3-flowered, 0–1 cm.

Flowers

12–25 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

25–35 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes equal, 1/2–2/3 length of tube;

corolla yellow suffused with violet, banner stenonychioid, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

Legumes

tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe to 4–5 mm.

black, linear, 25–45 × 7–10 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrate;

stipe absent.

Seeds

number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

ca. 15, brown with indistinct black spots, compressed-globose, 3–3.5 mm diam.;

hilum raised, white, encircling 3/4 circumference of seed.

2n

= 12, 14.

Vicia americana

Vicia grandiflora

Phenology Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Roadsides, open woods, cul­tivated fields.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MS; NC; NJ; NY; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; c Europe; se Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually 4–20 dm, trailing or climbing; leaves with branched tendrils; inflorescences (3–)4–9-flowered.
var. americana
1. Stems usually to 4 dm, erect; leaves often with simple tendrils; inflorescences 3–4(–5)-flowered.
var. minor
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. americana var. americana, V. americana var. minor
Name authority Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 65, plate 42. (1772)
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