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American vetch, purple vetch

broad bean, broad or fava or horse bean, broad vetch, fava bean, horse bean

Habit Herbs perennial. Herbs annual.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, slender to stout, to 20 dm.

erect, stout, 5–20 dm.

Leaves

2–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules much smaller than leaflets, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 8–18, blades ovate or elliptic to linear, 3–44 × 1–19 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent.

1–7 cm;

tendrils absent;

stipules foliose, approaching leaflets in size, broadly semisagittate, with nectariferous patch abaxially;

leaflets 2–6, blades elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 40–100 × 10–30 mm, apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

3–9-flowered, 2–8 cm, shorter than or equal to subtending leaf rachis.

2–4-flowered, to 1 cm, much shorter than subtending leaf rachis.

Flowers

12–25 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, shorter than tube;

corolla usually bluish purple, rarely white, banner oblong, blade equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

20–30 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes unequal, longer than tube;

corolla white with purple mottling, banner stenonychioid, blade longer than claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

Legumes

tawny to brown, oblong, 25–39 × 5–9 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe to 4–5 mm.

dark brown to black, linear, 80–200 × 10–30 mm, oblique-tipped, sparsely pubescent;

stipe 1–2 mm.

Seeds

number not known, olive-brown to deep violet-brown, subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/4–1/3 circumference of seed.

2–4, purplish, greenish, or black, sometimes spotted gray, globose and 7–9 mm diam., or strongly compressed and 12–35 mm diam.;

hilum large, terminal, blackish, encircling 1/6–1/5 circumference of seed.

2n

= 12, 14.

Vicia americana

Vicia faba

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Roadsides, waste areas.
Elevation 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico; e Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; CT; DC; MA; MD; ME; NY; OR; PA; VT; WA; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

Vicia americana consists of a polymorphic assemblage of populations among which leaflet size, shape, and vestiture is variable. Intergradation is widespread. C. R. Gunn (1968) described two relatively distinct entities which may represent the extremes of a continuum of variation in some regions. Variety sinensis C. R. Gunn occurs in eastern Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Vicia faba has been domesticated and is grown as a vegetable crop and for forage in temperate and subtropical areas worldwide.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually 4–20 dm, trailing or climbing; leaves with branched tendrils; inflorescences (3–)4–9-flowered.
var. americana
1. Stems usually to 4 dm, erect; leaves often with simple tendrils; inflorescences 3–4(–5)-flowered.
var. minor
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. americana var. americana, V. americana var. minor
Name authority Muhlenburg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. (1802) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 737. (1753)
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