Veronica peregrina |
Veronica triphyllos |
Veronica dillenii |
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neckweed, purslane speedwell, véronique voyageuse |
finger speedwell, fingered speedwell |
Dillenius' speedwell |
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Habit | Annuals. | Annuals, sometimes biennials. | Annuals. |
Stems | erect or ascending, (2.5–)4–25(–35) cm, glabrous or densely glandular-hairy. |
erect or ascending, often blue tinged, (3–)5–15(–20) cm, densely hairy. |
erect to ascending, (8–)10–20(–40) cm, glandular- and eglandular-hairy. |
Leaves | blade oblanceolate proximally, narrowly oblong distally, 5–28(–35) × 2–6(–10) mm, 3–10 times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins entire or dentate distally, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or densely glandular-hairy. |
blade: proximal ovate to triangular, 5–7 × 3–6 mm, distal 8–18 × 8–18 mm, base rounded, margins (proximal) coarsely crenate or (distal) 3–5(–7)-palmatifid, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely hairy, often glandular. |
blade lanceolate to ovate, 7–19(–21) × (3–)5–12 mm, 1–2 times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins (proximal) crenate-dentate or (distal) ±palmatifid, lobes 3–7+, apex of central lobe obtuse, lateral ± acute, surfaces glandular- and eglandular-hairy. |
Racemes | 1, terminal, sometimes 1 or 2 axillary, 20–200 mm, (2–)5–40-flowered, axis glabrous or densely glandular-hairy; bracts spatulate to linear-lanceolate, 3–22 mm. |
1, terminal, sometimes also 1 or 2 axillary, 30–120(–150) mm, 6–15(–25)-flowered, axis densely eglandular- and glandular-hairy; proximal bracts 5-palmatifid, distal 3-fid, 4–18 mm. |
1, terminal, 60–180 mm, 15–50(–120)-flowered, axis eglandular- and glandular-hairy; proximal bracts similar to leaves, distal ones linear-lanceolate, 3–5 mm. |
Pedicels | erect, 0.2–1(–2) mm, much shorter than subtending bract, glabrous or densely glandular-hairy. |
patent or arcuate-ascending, 4–11(–20) mm, ± equal to subtending bract, length 1–2 times calyx, densely hairy. |
erect, 2–4(–5) mm, shorter than subtending bract, length 1/2–1 times calyx, eglandular- and glandular-hairy. |
Flowers | calyx lobes (2–)3–6 mm, 0.9–2 mm wide, apex obtuse to acute, glabrous or densely glandular-hairy; corolla white or pale pink, 2–5 mm diam.; stamens 1 mm; style 0.1–0.5 mm. |
calyx lobes 4–6(–11) mm, apex obtuse, glandular-hairy; corolla deep blue, 5–10 mm diam.; stamens 0.9–1.7 mm; style (0.5–)0.7–1.5(–2) mm. |
calyx lobes 3.5–6 mm, apex acute, eglandular- and glandular-hairy; corolla deep blue, 4–6 mm diam.; stamens 0.8–1.5 mm; style 0.8–1.5 mm, stigma violet. |
Capsules | strongly compressed in cross section, obcordiform, 2.5–5 × 2.5–6 mm, apex ± emarginate, glabrous. |
± inflated basally, compressed distally in cross section, obcordiform, 4–5(–10) × 4.5–6.5(–8) mm, apex emarginate, glandular-hairy. |
compressed in cross section, narrowly obcordiform, 3.5–4.5 × 4–6 mm, apex emarginate, angle of sinus ca. 90°, ciliate with glandular and eglandular hairs. |
Seeds | 12–140, yellow or pale brown, oblong, flat, 0.6–1.6 × 0.4–0.9 mm, 0.1–0.2 mm thick, smooth. |
14–22(–35), dark brown or blackish, subglobular, cymbiform, 1–2.2 × 0.7–2 mm, 0.4–0.9 mm thick, ± rugulose to cristate. |
10–28, yellowish, ellipsoid, flat, 0.9–1.6 × 0.7–1.3 mm, 0.2–0.3 mm thick, smooth. |
2n | = 52. |
= 14 (Eurasia). |
= 16 (Eurasia). |
Veronica peregrina |
Veronica triphyllos |
Veronica dillenii |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jun(–Nov). | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–May(–Jul). | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist waste lands, gardens, roadsides, stream banks, pond shorelines, vernal pools, other cultivated land. | Pine forests, stony pastures, rocky banks, sandy fields, gardens, roadsides, rarely calcareous soils. | Open pine and oak forests, rocky, dry, sandy slopes. |
Elevation | 0–700(–3000) m. [0–2300(–9800) ft.] | 100–1000 m. [300–3300 ft.] | 500–2200 m. [1600–7200 ft.] |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Central America; South America; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, México, Sonora); Eurasia; Australia
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CA; ID; KS; MO; OK; OR; WA; Eurasia [Introduced in North America] |
IL; IN; MI; NY; VA; WI; Eurasia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Stem indument of Veronica peregrina has been used to distinguish var. xalapensis with a glandular-hairy stem (F. W. Pennell 1935), a variety that seems to be confined to drier places than the type variety. Variety laurentiana is also differentiated from var. peregrina in having a glandular-hairy stem, fleshier leaves, shorter stamens, smaller corollas, and slightly differently shaped capsules (Frère Marie-Victorin and J. Rousseau 1940). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Veronica dillenii is closely related to V. verna but with larger flowers; it may have been overlooked and may be distributed more widely. Most herbarium specimens of V. dillenii blacken when dry due to the presence of aucubin, which distinguishes them from V. verna. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 314. | FNA vol. 17, p. 315. | FNA vol. 17, p. 318. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Veronica | Plantaginaceae > Veronica | Plantaginaceae > Veronica |
Sibling taxa | |||
Synonyms | V. peregrina var. laurentiana, V. peregrina subsp. xalapensis, V. peregrina var. xalapensis, V. sherwoodii, V. xalapensis | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 14. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 14. (1753) | Crantz: Stirp. Austr. Fasc. ed. 2, 2: 352. (1769) |
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