Veronica peregrina |
Veronica officinalis |
Veronica triloba |
|
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neckweed, purslane speedwell, véronique voyageuse |
common gypsyweed, common speedwell, heath speedwell, herbal speedwell, Paul's betony, véronique officinale |
trilobed speedwell |
|
Habit | Annuals. | Perennials. | Annuals. |
Stems | erect or ascending, (2.5–)4–25(–35) cm, glabrous or densely glandular-hairy. |
creeping, decumbent to ascending distally, 10–40(–50) cm, densely eglandular-hairy, rarely glabrate or glabrous. |
decumbent, (5–)10–30 cm, ± eglandular-hairy. |
Leaves | blade oblanceolate proximally, narrowly oblong distally, 5–28(–35) × 2–6(–10) mm, 3–10 times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins entire or dentate distally, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or densely glandular-hairy. |
blade ovate, ovate-oblong, or obovate, (8–)20–35(–50) × (3–)10–20(–30) mm, 1.5–2 times as long as wide, base attenuate to cuneate or obtuse, margins dentate, denticulate, or serrulate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces sparsely to densely eglandular-hairy, rarely glabrate. |
blade broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 3(–5)-lobed, central lobe 1/4–1/2 times length of whole leaf, (3–)5–10(–15) × (4–)6–12(–18) mm, ± fleshy, base truncate to subcordate, margins 3(–5)-lobed, apex acute, surfaces sparsely eglandular-hairy. |
Racemes | 1, terminal, sometimes 1 or 2 axillary, 20–200 mm, (2–)5–40-flowered, axis glabrous or densely glandular-hairy; bracts spatulate to linear-lanceolate, 3–22 mm. |
1–4(–8), axillary, 40–60 mm, 10–35(–40)-flowered, axis densely to sparsely eglandular-hairy, sometimes also glandular-hairy, rarely glabrate; bracts linear-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, (1.5–)3–4(–5) mm. |
1–10, terminal, (50–)100–300 mm, 5–20-flowered, axis sparsely eglandular-hairy; bracts broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 3(–5)-lobed, (3–)5–10(–15) mm. |
Pedicels | erect, 0.2–1(–2) mm, much shorter than subtending bract, glabrous or densely glandular-hairy. |
erect, (0.5–)1–2(–3) mm, shorter than subtending bract, densely eglandular-hairy, rarely glandular-hairy or glabrate. |
patent, deflexed in fruit, (2–)4–8(–10) mm, shorter than subtending bract, length 1–2 times calyx, glabrous abaxially, hairy adaxially. |
Flowers | calyx lobes (2–)3–6 mm, 0.9–2 mm wide, apex obtuse to acute, glabrous or densely glandular-hairy; corolla white or pale pink, 2–5 mm diam.; stamens 1 mm; style 0.1–0.5 mm. |
calyx 4(or 5)-lobed, lobes 2–3.5(–4) mm, apex obtuse, glandular- and eglandular-hairy; corolla pale blue-lilac to pale pink, rarely white with pink veins, 6–8 mm diam.; stamens 2.8–3.4 mm; style 2.5–3(–4) mm. |
calyx lobes 4–5(–6) mm, apex acute, puberulent on abaxial surface, rarely glabrous, densely ciliate with 35–60 per side; corolla deep blue with white center, 3–5 mm diam.; stamens dark blue, length unknown; style 0.5–0.9(–1.1) mm. |
Capsules | strongly compressed in cross section, obcordiform, 2.5–5 × 2.5–6 mm, apex ± emarginate, glabrous. |
compressed in cross section, triangulate-obdeltoid to obcordiform, 3–5 × 4–5 mm, apex rounded or truncate, rarely emarginate, glandular-hairy, rarely glabrous. |
± round in cross section, ovoid, 2.5–3(–3.5) × 4–5 mm, apex ± emarginate, glabrous. |
Seeds | 12–140, yellow or pale brown, oblong, flat, 0.6–1.6 × 0.4–0.9 mm, 0.1–0.2 mm thick, smooth. |
9–24, brown to yellow, ellipsoid, ovoid, or obovoid, flat, 0.8–1.6 × (0.3–)0.6–1.2 mm, 0.2–0.3 mm thick, smooth. |
(1–)4, dull yellowish brown, ellipsoid, often elongate-cuboidal, deeply urn-shaped (elaiosome inside), 2.2–2.8 × 1.5–2.2 mm, 1–1.4 mm thick, cristate to strongly rugose at margins. |
2n | = 52. |
= 18, 36 (Europe). |
= 18 (Eurasia). |
Veronica peregrina |
Veronica officinalis |
Veronica triloba |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jun(–Nov). | Flowering (Apr–)Jun–Jul(–Aug). | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–May(–Jun). |
Habitat | Moist waste lands, gardens, roadsides, stream banks, pond shorelines, vernal pools, other cultivated land. | Forests, meadows, pastures, scrub, ruderal places. | Disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–700(–3000) m. [0–2300(–9800) ft.] | 0–1600 m. [0–5200 ft.] | 100–200 m. [300–700 ft.] |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Central America; South America; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, México, Sonora); Eurasia; Australia
|
CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced in s South America (Chile)]
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CA; OH; Europe (Balkans); Asia (Turkey) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Stem indument of Veronica peregrina has been used to distinguish var. xalapensis with a glandular-hairy stem (F. W. Pennell 1935), a variety that seems to be confined to drier places than the type variety. Variety laurentiana is also differentiated from var. peregrina in having a glandular-hairy stem, fleshier leaves, shorter stamens, smaller corollas, and slightly differently shaped capsules (Frère Marie-Victorin and J. Rousseau 1940). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Veronica ×tournefortii Villars [V. officinalis var. tournefortii (Villars) Dumortier] refers to the hybrid between V. officinalis and V. allionii Villars in Europe and is not applicable to any North American plant. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Veronica triloba is known in the flora area from three recent collections in California and Ohio; it is possibly more widespread than reported here. It is closely related to V. hederifolia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 314. | FNA vol. 17, p. 311. | FNA vol. 17, p. 316. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Veronica | Plantaginaceae > Veronica | Plantaginaceae > Veronica |
Sibling taxa | |||
Synonyms | V. peregrina var. laurentiana, V. peregrina subsp. xalapensis, V. peregrina var. xalapensis, V. sherwoodii, V. xalapensis | V. hederifolia var. triloba | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 14. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 11. (1753) | (Opiz) Opiz: Naturalientausch 11: 467. (1826) |
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