Veronica catenata |
Veronica wormskjoldii |
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chain speedwell, pink water speedwell, sessile water-speedwell, water speedwell |
alpine speedwell, American alpine speedwell, hairy speedwell, spring speedwell, thyme-leaf speedwell, wormskjold's alpine speedwell |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials. | Perennials. | ||||
Stems | erect or ascending, 15–60(–80) cm, glabrous or glandular-hairy distally. |
erect or ascending, light grayish green distally, unbranched, (3–)8–50 cm, sparsely to densely villous-hirsute, sometimes also glandular-hairy. |
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Leaves | petiole 0 mm; blade oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, (5–)25–50(–100) × 4–15(–30) mm, 2.5–5 times as long as wide, base amplexical-truncate or amplexical-subcordate, margins entire or subentire, apex acute, surfaces glabrous. |
blade elliptic to lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 8–40 × 5–20 mm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or serrate, apex short-acuminate, surfaces sparsely to densely villous-hirsute or glabrous. |
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Racemes | 10–25, axillary, 100–160 mm, 15–25-flowered, axis glabrous or glandular-hispid; pedicels less than 3 per cm, glabrous or scarcely to densely short glandular-hairy, rarely completely glabrous; bracts oblong, 3–5 mm, apex obtuse. |
1, terminal, 5–40 mm, to 60(–150) mm in fruit, (2–)5–25-flowered, axis densely villous-hirsute and ± glandular-hairy; bracts linear to lanceolate, 1–8 mm. |
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Pedicels | patent, (3–)5–10 mm, equal to or ± shorter than subtending bract, glabrous or glandular-hairy. |
erect, 2–10(–15) mm, ca. equal to subtending bract, densely villous-hirsute or glandular-hairy. |
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Flowers | calyx lobes 2.5–3 mm, apex obtuse, glabrous or glandular-hairy; corolla white to pale pink with darker veins not reaching margins, 4–5 mm diam.; stamens 5 mm; style (1.3–)1.5–2.5 mm. |
calyx lobes (2.5–)3–5.5(–7) mm, apex obtuse or acuminate, glabrous or densely glandular-hairy; corolla deep blue-violet or violet-purple to deep blue, rotate, 3–11 mm diam.; stamens 1–2 mm; style 0.8–4(–6) mm. |
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Capsules | ± compressed in cross section, subglobular, 2.5–3(–3.5) × 3–4 mm, apex emarginate, sinus 0.1–0.3 mm, glabrous or glandular-hairy. |
compressed in cross section, oblong-obovoid, 4–6(–8) × (2.8–)4–5.5 mm, ca. as long as wide, apex emarginate, usually densely glandular-hairy. |
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Seeds | 26–123, yellow-brown, ellipsoid to subglobular, planoconvex, 0.4–0.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, 0.2–0.3 mm thick, smooth. |
10–50, straw colored, ellipsoid, flat, 0.7–1 × 0.4–1 mm, 0.05–1 mm thick, very minutely striate. |
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2n | = 36. |
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Veronica catenata |
Veronica wormskjoldii |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Wet places, rarely running water, lakeshores, ditches, muddy places, stream channels. | |||||
Elevation | 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; Europe
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; ME; MT; NH; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT
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Discussion | Veronica catenata seems to be a relative of V. anagallis-aquatica that is more cold-adapted, as seen in Europe (R. Götte 2007), and native to the flora area. Although no specimens were seen it may be found in Alaska, Connecticut, and Kentucky. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Veronica wormskjoldii occurs in two cytotypes, a diploid (2n = 18) in western North America and a tetraploid (2n = 36) in eastern North America and Greenland. As demonstrated by D. C. Albach et al. (2006), the tetraploid is likely to be a hybrid of the diploid V. alpina and V. wormskjoldii. In that publication, species rank was used for simplicity, not as a taxonomic conclusion. However, subsequent morphological analyses in conjunction with preparing this treatment revealed that the large variation in the diploid V. wormskjoldii, also supported by the large number of varieties established within that taxon, make it nearly impossible to differentiate the two North American taxa morphologically. In cases where two taxa are morphologically undifferentiable, but karyologically and genetically distinct and geographically clearly separate, the rank of subspecies seems more appropriate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 314. | FNA vol. 17, p. 309. | ||||
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Veronica | Plantaginaceae > Veronica | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | V. catenata var. glandulosa, V. connata subsp. glaberrima | V. alpina subsp. wormskjoldii, V. alpina var. wormskjoldii | ||||
Name authority | Pennell: Rhodora 23: 37. (1921) | Roemer & Schultes: in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 1: 101. (1817) — (as wormskjoldi) | ||||
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