Veronica anagallis-aquatica |
Veronica grandiflora |
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blue speedwell, blue water speedwell, brook pimpernel, véronique mouron-d'eau, water pimpernel, water speedwell |
large-flower speedwell |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials. | Perennials. |
Stems | erect or prostrate basally, (20–)30–100(–170) cm, usually thick-fleshy, glabrous. |
prostrate to erect, unbranched, (3–)5–15(–20) cm, viscid-hairy. |
Leaves | petiole 0–2(–8) mm (basal lateral branches usually distinctly petiolate to 8 mm) proximally, 0 mm distally; blade (of proximal leaves) ovate, elliptic, or oblong, (15–)30–80(–145) × (7–)10–30(–45) mm, 1.5–3 times as long as wide, base obtuse proximally to cordate-amplexicaul in middle and ± cuneate distally, margins ± serrulate or denticulate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous, rarely glandular-hairy. |
blade elliptic-ovate, 20–45 × 15–30 mm, 1–3 times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins ± crenate-serrate, apex acute to rounded, abaxial surface with articulate hairs or glabrous, adaxial hirsute, or surfaces sparsely ciliate only. |
Racemes | 6–25, axillary, 50–100(–150) mm, 5–10 mm diam., (20–)30–40(–60)-flowered, axis glabrous, rarely glandular-hairy; bracts linear to lanceolate, 2–5 mm, apex acute. |
1–4, axillary, 50–150 mm, 3–8-flowered, axis viscid-hairy; bracts oblong, 3–5 mm. |
Pedicels | suberect or arcuate-erect to subpatent, curved upwards in fruit, 3–7(–10) mm, longer than subtending bracts, glabrous or hairy. |
suberect, 8–10 mm, longer than subtending bract, viscid-hairy. |
Flowers | calyx lobes 2–3 mm, apex acute, glabrous, rarely hairy; corolla lavender to pale blue, rarely pale lilac, (4–)6–8 mm diam.; stamens 3–3.5 mm; style 1.5–2.5 mm. |
calyx lobes 4 mm, apex obtuse, hairy; corolla bright blue to violet-blue, 8–9 mm diam.; stamens 7 mm; style 7–9 mm. |
Capsules | slightly compressed in cross section, globular, (2.5–)3–3.5(–4) × 2.5–3.2(–4) mm, apex rounded or ± emarginate, glabrous or sparsely short glandular-hairy. |
compressed in cross section, obovoid, 9–11 × 7–8 mm, apex emarginate, sparsely hairy. |
Seeds | 40–77, yellow-brown, ellipsoid to subglobular, planoconvex, (0.3–)0.5–0.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, 0.2–0.3 mm thick, smooth. |
unknown. |
2n | = 36. |
= ca. 48–50 (Russia). |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica |
Veronica grandiflora |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep(–Nov). | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Stream margins, ditches, banks, springs, swamps, wet meadows. | Meadows, between stones, slopes, alpine slopes. |
Elevation | 0–4000 m. (0–13100 ft.) | 0–600 m. (0–2000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; ON; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands [Introduced in North America; likely introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America]
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AK; Asia (Japan, Russia)
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Discussion | Veronica anagallis-aquatica is widespread. It is not clear whether it is native to the flora area; it is certainly introduced in some states and commonly dispersed by human activity. The species varies with water availability. It is frequently confused with V. catenata. Ecological differences (see discussion under 15. V. catenata) may suggest that V. anagallis-aquatica does not occur in most parts of Canada and Alaska from which the species is reported but is present in some states excluded from the distribution area due to the lack of herbarium specimens seen (for example, Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Vermont). Hybrids are frequent in Europe (V. ×lackschewitzkii J. Keller) and have been reported for California and Nebraska (L. R. Heckard and P. Rubtzoff 1977). The sterile hybrids never form capsules and bear relatively long inflorescences. Another closely related species, V. anagalloides Gussone (= V. salina Schur), is not present in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 313. | FNA vol. 17, p. 311. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Veronica | Plantaginaceae > Veronica |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. anagallis-aquatica var. terrea, V. brittonii, V. comosa, V. glandifera, V. micromera | V. aphylla var. grandiflora, V. grandiflora var. minor |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 12. (1753) — (as anagall. s) | Gaertner: Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1): 531, plate 18, fig. 1. (1770) |
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