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blue speedwell, blue water speedwell, brook pimpernel, véronique mouron-d'eau, water pimpernel, water speedwell

feather-leaf kittentails

Habit Annuals or perennials.
Stems

erect or prostrate basally, (20–)30–100(–170) cm, usually thick-fleshy, glabrous.

Leaves

petiole 0–2(–8) mm (basal lateral branches usually distinctly petiolate to 8 mm) proximally, 0 mm distally;

blade (of proximal leaves) ovate, elliptic, or oblong, (15–)30–80(–145) × (7–)10–30(–45) mm, 1.5–3 times as long as wide, base obtuse proximally to cordate-amplexicaul in middle and ± cuneate distally, margins ± serrulate or denticulate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous, rarely glandular-hairy.

persistent, some withering in 2d year as new leaves expand;

blade oblong-ovate to ovate, 25+ mm wide, not leathery, base lobate, margins 1- or 2-pinnatifid, ultimate lobes oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, teeth apices obtuse, surfaces glabrous, sparsely hairy, puberulous, sparsely villous, or tomentose;

basal veins extending through proximal 1/2 of blade, lateral veins 2–4 on each side of midvein.

Racemes

6–25, axillary, 50–100(–150) mm, 5–10 mm diam., (20–)30–40(–60)-flowered, axis glabrous, rarely glandular-hairy;

bracts linear to lanceolate, 2–5 mm, apex acute.

erect, to 15 cm in fruit;

sterile bracts 3+, ovate-spatulate, largest 1+ cm;

flowers 10–30, loosely aggregated.

Pedicels

suberect or arcuate-erect to subpatent, curved upwards in fruit, 3–7(–10) mm, longer than subtending bracts, glabrous or hairy.

Flowers

calyx lobes 2–3 mm, apex acute, glabrous, rarely hairy;

corolla lavender to pale blue, rarely pale lilac, (4–)6–8 mm diam.;

stamens 3–3.5 mm;

style 1.5–2.5 mm.

Stamens

epipetalous.

Ovaries

pilose to tomentose;

ovules 10–16.

Capsules

slightly compressed in cross section, globular, (2.5–)3–3.5(–4) × 2.5–3.2(–4) mm, apex rounded or ± emarginate, glabrous or sparsely short glandular-hairy.

hairy.

Seeds

40–77, yellow-brown, ellipsoid to subglobular, planoconvex, (0.3–)0.5–0.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, 0.2–0.3 mm thick, smooth.

Sepals

4.

Petals

(3 or)4(or 5), apex entire or erose, adaxials flat;

corolla blue, ± regular, campanulate, much longer than calyx, glabrous, tube conspicuous.

2n

= 36.

Veronica anagallis-aquatica

Synthyris dissecta

Phenology Flowering Mar–Sep(–Nov). Flowering May–Jul; fruiting Jun–Sep.
Habitat Stream margins, ditches, banks, springs, swamps, wet meadows. Treeline to alpine tundra.
Elevation 0–4000 m. (0–13100 ft.) 1600–3000 m. (5200–9800 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; ON; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands [Introduced in North America; likely introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ID; MT
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Veronica anagallis-aquatica is widespread. It is not clear whether it is native to the flora area; it is certainly introduced in some states and commonly dispersed by human activity. The species varies with water availability. It is frequently confused with V. catenata. Ecological differences (see discussion under 15. V. catenata) may suggest that V. anagallis-aquatica does not occur in most parts of Canada and Alaska from which the species is reported but is present in some states excluded from the distribution area due to the lack of herbarium specimens seen (for example, Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Vermont). Hybrids are frequent in Europe (V. ×lackschewitzkii J. Keller) and have been reported for California and Nebraska (L. R. Heckard and P. Rubtzoff 1977). The sterile hybrids never form capsules and bear relatively long inflorescences. Another closely related species, V. anagalloides Gussone (= V. salina Schur), is not present in North America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Synthyris dissecta is found in east-central Idaho and southwestern Montana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 313. FNA vol. 17, p. 300.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Veronica Plantaginaceae > Synthyris
Sibling taxa
V. agrestis, V. alpina, V. americana, V. argute-serrata, V. arvensis, V. beccabunga, V. biloba, V. catenata, V. chamaedrys, V. copelandii, V. cusickii, V. cymbalaria, V. dillenii, V. filiformis, V. fruticans, V. grandiflora, V. hederifolia, V. longifolia, V. officinalis, V. peregrina, V. persica, V. polita, V. scutellata, V. serpyllifolia, V. spicata, V. stelleri, V. sublobata, V. teucrium, V. triloba, V. triphyllos, V. undulata, V. verna, V. wormskjoldii
S. alpina, S. borealis, S. bullii, S. canbyi, S. cordata, S. dissecta, S. laciniata, S. lanuginosa, S. missurica, S. oblongifolia, S. pinnatifida, S. plantaginea, S. platycarpa, S. ranunculina, S. reniformis, S. ritteriana, S. rubra, S. schizantha, S. wyomingensis
Synonyms V. anagallis-aquatica var. terrea, V. brittonii, V. comosa, V. glandifera, V. micromera S. pinnatifida var. canescens, Veronica dissecta
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 12. (1753) — (as anagall. s) Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 691. (1909)
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