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Texas ironweed

giant ironweed, tall ironweed

Habit Plants 4–8(–10+) dm. Plants 8–20(–30+) dm.
Stems

puberulent, glabrescent.

puberulent, glabrescent.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

blades ovate-lanceolate (basal) to narrowly lanceolate (distal), 5–12+ cm × (5–)12–25+ mm, l/w = 3–5 (basal) or 8–17 (distal), abaxially glabrate (pitted, awl-shaped hairs in pits), adaxially puberulent and/or scabrellous.

mostly cauline;

blades ± lanceolate, 12–25+ cm × 20–60+ mm, l/w = (3.5–)4–7+, abaxially scabrellous (hairs awl-shaped), sometimes glabrescent, not or sparsely resin-gland-dotted, adaxially strigillose, glabrescent, not resin-gland-dotted.

Peduncles

1–35 mm.

1–12(–20+) mm.

Involucres

± obconic to hemispheric, 4.5–6 × 5–7 mm.

broadly campanulate to hemispheric, 4–5+ × 4–5 mm.

Florets

12–24+.

(9–)18–24(–30).

Phyllaries

35–45+ in 5–6+ series, glabrescent, margins arachno-ciliolate, the outer lance-deltate, 1–32 mm, inner oblong to linear, 4–5(–6) mm, tips acute or rounded-apiculate.

30–40+ in 4–5 series, glabrate, margins ciliolate, the outer lance-ovate, 1–2 mm, inner oblong, 3.5–5 mm, tips acute or rounded-apiculate.

Heads

in open, paniculiform-scorpioid arrays.

in corymbiform-scorpioid arrays.

Cypselae

2–3 mm;

pappi usually whitish to stramineous (rarely purplish), outer scales or bristles 20+, 0.3–1+ mm, contrasting or intergrading with 20+, 6–7+ mm inner subulate scales or bristles.

2.5–3.5 mm;

pappi usually purplish, sometimes stramineous, outer scales 20–25, 0.5–1 mm, contrasting with 35–40+, 4.5–6+ mm inner bristles.

2n

= 34.

= 34.

Vernonia texana

Vernonia gigantea

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Pinelands, scrub oak woodlands, sandy or sandy-clay soils Flood plains
Elevation 60–200 m (200–700 ft) 10–300 m (0–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; LA; MS; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 19, p. 211. FNA vol. 19, p. 212.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Vernonieae > Vernonia Asteraceae > tribe Vernonieae > Vernonia
Sibling taxa
V. acaulis, V. angustifolia, V. arkansana, V. baldwinii, V. blodgettii, V. fasciculata, V. flaccidifolia, V. gigantea, V. glauca, V. larseniae, V. lettermannii, V. lindheimeri, V. marginata, V. missurica, V. noveboracensis, V. pulchella
V. acaulis, V. angustifolia, V. arkansana, V. baldwinii, V. blodgettii, V. fasciculata, V. flaccidifolia, V. glauca, V. larseniae, V. lettermannii, V. lindheimeri, V. marginata, V. missurica, V. noveboracensis, V. pulchella, V. texana
Synonyms V. angustifolia var. texana Chrysocoma gigantea, V. altissima, V. altissima var. taeniotricha, V. gigantea subsp. ovalifolia, V. ovalifolia
Name authority (A. Gray) Small: Fl. S.E. U.S., 1338. (1903) (Walter) Branner & Coville: Rep. (Annual) Arkansas Geol. Surv. 4: 189. (1891)
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