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Missouri ironweed

Baldwin's ironweed

Habit Plants 6–12(–20+) dm. Plants 6–10(–15) dm.
Stems

puberulent.

puberulent to ± tomentose.

Leaves

mostly cauline;

blades elliptic to lance-ovate or lanceolate, 6–16(–20+) cm × 18–48+ mm, l/w = 2.5–4(–6+), abaxially usually puberulent to tomentose or pannose (hairs ± erect, ± curled), seldom glabrate, resin-gland-dotted, adaxially scabrellous, glabrescent, not resin-gland-dotted.

mostly cauline;

blades elliptic to lance-ovate or lanceolate, 8–15(–18+) cm × 20–45(–75+) mm, l/w = 2–5, abaxially usually puberulent to tomentose or pannose (hairs ± erect, ± curled), seldom glabrate, resin-gland-dotted, adaxially scabrellous, glabrescent, not resin-gland-dotted.

Peduncles

3–35 mm.

1–25 mm.

Involucres

broadly campanulate to urceolate, (6–)7–10+ × 5–9+ mm.

broadly campanulate to hemispheric, 4–6(–8+) × 4–7+ mm.

Florets

30–55+.

(15–)20–25(–35+).

Phyllaries

50–70+ in 6–7 series, sparsely scabrellous, glabrescent (seldom resin-gland-dotted), margins ciliolate, the outer lanceolate, 1–2 mm, inner linear-oblong to oblong, 6–7(–9+) mm, tips acute or rounded-apiculate.

45–65+ in 5–6 series, usually puberulent (often resin-gland-dotted distally), sometimes glabrescent, margins ciliolate, the outer lance-ovate, 1–2 mm, inner oblong to lanceolate, 5–8+ mm, tips rounded-apiculate to acute (sometimes recurved).

Heads

in corymbiform-scorpioid arrays.

in corymbiform-scorpioid arrays.

Cypselae

3.5–4;

pappi stramineous to whitish, outer scales 25–30, 0.5–1.1 mm, contrasting with 35–40+, 6–8+ mm inner bristles.

2.5–3 mm;

pappi fuscous to purplish, outer scales 25–30, 0.2–1 mm, contrasting with 35–40+, 5–7+ mm inner bristles.

2n

= 34.

= 34.

Vernonia missurica

Vernonia baldwinii

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep. Flowering Jun–Nov.
Habitat Prairies, loamy to sandy soils Disturbed places, grasslands, flood plains, forest margins, prairies
Elevation 30–200 m (100–700 ft) 10–1100 m (0–3600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MI; MO; MS; OK; TN; TX
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from FNA
AR; CO; IA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MI; MO; NE; OK; TX
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Regarding Vernona baldwinii and V. interior, L. H. Shinners (1950) wrote, “The tips of the phyllaries vary from loosely appressed to squarrose, and from puberulent to almost completely glabrous on the inner face. The geographic distribution of the two extremes is nearly identical. I consider the two to be merely forms of one species.” I concur.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 212. FNA vol. 19, p. 213.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Vernonieae > Vernonia Asteraceae > tribe Vernonieae > Vernonia
Sibling taxa
V. acaulis, V. angustifolia, V. arkansana, V. baldwinii, V. blodgettii, V. fasciculata, V. flaccidifolia, V. gigantea, V. glauca, V. larseniae, V. lettermannii, V. lindheimeri, V. marginata, V. noveboracensis, V. pulchella, V. texana
V. acaulis, V. angustifolia, V. arkansana, V. blodgettii, V. fasciculata, V. flaccidifolia, V. gigantea, V. glauca, V. larseniae, V. lettermannii, V. lindheimeri, V. marginata, V. missurica, V. noveboracensis, V. pulchella, V. texana
Synonyms V. baldwinii subsp. interior, V. baldwinii var. interior, V. interior
Name authority Rafinesque: Herb. Raf., 28. (1833) Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 211. (1827)
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