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Baldwin's ironweed

Tennessee ironweed

Habit Plants 6–10(–15) dm. Plants 10–20+ dm.
Stems

puberulent to ± tomentose.

glabrous.

Leaves

mostly cauline;

blades elliptic to lance-ovate or lanceolate, 8–15(–18+) cm × 20–45(–75+) mm, l/w = 2–5, abaxially usually puberulent to tomentose or pannose (hairs ± erect, ± curled), seldom glabrate, resin-gland-dotted, adaxially scabrellous, glabrescent, not resin-gland-dotted.

mostly cauline;

blades ± lanceolate, 10–25(–30+) cm × 15–35(–60+) mm, l/w = 5–7+, abaxially puberulous, not resin-gland-dotted, adaxially scabrellous, glabrescent, not resin-gland-dotted.

Peduncles

1–25 mm.

1–8(–15) mm.

Involucres

broadly campanulate to hemispheric, 4–6(–8+) × 4–7+ mm.

broadly campanulate to hemispheric, 4–5+ × 4–5 mm.

Florets

(15–)20–25(–35+).

15–25+.

Phyllaries

45–65+ in 5–6 series, usually puberulent (often resin-gland-dotted distally), sometimes glabrescent, margins ciliolate, the outer lance-ovate, 1–2 mm, inner oblong to lanceolate, 5–8+ mm, tips rounded-apiculate to acute (sometimes recurved).

30–45+ in 5–6 series, glabrescent, margins ciliolate, the outer lance-ovate, 1–3 mm, inner lance-oblong to oblong, 3.5–5 mm, tips rounded.

Heads

in corymbiform-scorpioid arrays.

in paniculiform-scorpioid arrays.

Cypselae

2.5–3 mm;

pappi fuscous to purplish, outer scales 25–30, 0.2–1 mm, contrasting with 35–40+, 5–7+ mm inner bristles.

3–3.5 mm;

pappi stramineous to whitish, outer scales 25–35, 0.8–1.1 mm, contrasting with 35–45+, 5–6+ mm inner bristles.

2n

= 34.

= 34.

Vernonia baldwinii

Vernonia flaccidifolia

Phenology Flowering Jun–Nov. Flowering Aug.
Habitat Disturbed places, grasslands, flood plains, forest margins, prairies Disturbed places in woodlands
Elevation 10–1100 m (0–3600 ft) 90–400 m (300–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CO; IA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MI; MO; NE; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA; TN
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Regarding Vernona baldwinii and V. interior, L. H. Shinners (1950) wrote, “The tips of the phyllaries vary from loosely appressed to squarrose, and from puberulent to almost completely glabrous on the inner face. The geographic distribution of the two extremes is nearly identical. I consider the two to be merely forms of one species.” I concur.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 213. FNA vol. 19, p. 212.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Vernonieae > Vernonia Asteraceae > tribe Vernonieae > Vernonia
Sibling taxa
V. acaulis, V. angustifolia, V. arkansana, V. blodgettii, V. fasciculata, V. flaccidifolia, V. gigantea, V. glauca, V. larseniae, V. lettermannii, V. lindheimeri, V. marginata, V. missurica, V. noveboracensis, V. pulchella, V. texana
V. acaulis, V. angustifolia, V. arkansana, V. baldwinii, V. blodgettii, V. fasciculata, V. gigantea, V. glauca, V. larseniae, V. lettermannii, V. lindheimeri, V. marginata, V. missurica, V. noveboracensis, V. pulchella, V. texana
Synonyms V. baldwinii subsp. interior, V. baldwinii var. interior, V. interior
Name authority Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 211. (1827) Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 144. (1898)
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