The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Baldwin's ironweed

prairie ironweed, smooth ironweed, western ironweed

Habit Plants 6–10(–15) dm. Plants 3–12+ dm.
Stems

puberulent to ± tomentose.

puberulent, glabrescent.

Leaves

mostly cauline;

blades elliptic to lance-ovate or lanceolate, 8–15(–18+) cm × 20–45(–75+) mm, l/w = 2–5, abaxially usually puberulent to tomentose or pannose (hairs ± erect, ± curled), seldom glabrate, resin-gland-dotted, adaxially scabrellous, glabrescent, not resin-gland-dotted.

mostly cauline;

blades ± lanceolate, 5–12(–20+) cm × 5–18(–40+) mm, l/w = 5–9(–14+), abaxially glabrate (pitted, with awl-shaped hairs in pits), adaxially scabrellous, resin-gland-dotted (sometimes pitted).

Peduncles

1–25 mm.

1–8(–12+) mm.

Involucres

broadly campanulate to hemispheric, 4–6(–8+) × 4–7+ mm.

± campanulate, 5–7(–8+) × 4–6 mm.

Florets

(15–)20–25(–35+).

12–25+.

Phyllaries

45–65+ in 5–6 series, usually puberulent (often resin-gland-dotted distally), sometimes glabrescent, margins ciliolate, the outer lance-ovate, 1–2 mm, inner oblong to lanceolate, 5–8+ mm, tips rounded-apiculate to acute (sometimes recurved).

25–35+ in 4–5+ series, glabrescent, margins arachno-ciliolate, the outer lance-ovate, 1–3 mm, inner oblong to linear-oblong, 5–7+ mm, tips acute or rounded-apiculate.

Heads

in corymbiform-scorpioid arrays.

in congested, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

2.5–3 mm;

pappi fuscous to purplish, outer scales 25–30, 0.2–1 mm, contrasting with 35–40+, 5–7+ mm inner bristles.

3.5–4 mm;

pappi fuscous to purplish, outer subulate scales or bristles 20–30, 0.5–3+ mm, intergrading with 35–45+, 5–7+ mm inner subulate scales or bristles.

2n

= 34.

= 34.

Vernonia baldwinii

Vernonia fasciculata

Phenology Flowering Jun–Nov. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Disturbed places, grasslands, flood plains, forest margins, prairies Bottomlands, ditches, low prairies
Elevation 10–1100 m (0–3600 ft) 100–1200 m (300–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CO; IA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MI; MO; NE; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MN; MO; ND; NE; OH; OK; SD; WI; MB
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Regarding Vernona baldwinii and V. interior, L. H. Shinners (1950) wrote, “The tips of the phyllaries vary from loosely appressed to squarrose, and from puberulent to almost completely glabrous on the inner face. The geographic distribution of the two extremes is nearly identical. I consider the two to be merely forms of one species.” I concur.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 213. FNA vol. 19, p. 211.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Vernonieae > Vernonia Asteraceae > tribe Vernonieae > Vernonia
Sibling taxa
V. acaulis, V. angustifolia, V. arkansana, V. blodgettii, V. fasciculata, V. flaccidifolia, V. gigantea, V. glauca, V. larseniae, V. lettermannii, V. lindheimeri, V. marginata, V. missurica, V. noveboracensis, V. pulchella, V. texana
V. acaulis, V. angustifolia, V. arkansana, V. baldwinii, V. blodgettii, V. flaccidifolia, V. gigantea, V. glauca, V. larseniae, V. lettermannii, V. lindheimeri, V. marginata, V. missurica, V. noveboracensis, V. pulchella, V. texana
Synonyms V. baldwinii subsp. interior, V. baldwinii var. interior, V. interior V. fasciculata subsp. corymbosa, V. fasciculata var. corymbosa
Name authority Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 211. (1827) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 94. (1803)
Web links