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cowpen daisy, golden crownbeard

gravelweed, gravelweed crownbeard, yellow crownbeard

Habit Plants 10–50(–120+) cm (annuals, internodes not winged). Plants 60–120+ cm (perennating bases ± erect or horizontal rhizomes, internodes winged).
Leaves

all or mostly alternate (proximal usually opposite);

blades deltate-ovate or rhombic to lanceolate, 3–8(–12+) × 2–4(–6+) cm, bases broadly cuneate to ± truncate, margins coarsely toothed to subentire, apices acute to attenuate, faces strigoso-scabrellous to sericeous.

all or mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite);

blades ± lance-ovate to lanceolate, 5–12+ × 2–5+ cm, bases ± cuneate, margins ± toothed, apices acute to attenuate, faces strigose to sericeous.

Involucres

± hemispheric to saucerlike, 10–20+ mm diam.

± hemispheric, 10–15+ mm diam.

Ray florets

(8–)12–15+;

laminae 8–10(–20+) mm.

8–13+;

laminae 20–25(–30+) mm.

Disc florets

80–150+;

corollas yellow.

40–80+;

corollas yellow.

Phyllaries

12–18+ in 1–2 series, ± erect to spreading, lance-ovate or lance-linear to linear, 6–8+ mm.

16–21+ in 2–3 series, ± erect, lanceolate, 6–9+ mm.

Heads

usually borne singly, sometimes 2–3+ in loose, cymiform or corymbiform arrays.

2–5(–10+) in ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

dark brown to blackish, narrowly obovate, 3.5–5+ mm, faces ± strigillose;

pappi 0.5–1(–2) mm (0 on ray cypselae).

dark brown to black, oblanceolate to elliptic, 5 mm, faces strigillose to glabrate;

pappi 0.5–1.5 mm.

2n

= 34.

= 34.

Verbesina encelioides

Verbesina helianthoides

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct. Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Swales, disturbed sites Moist places in sandy, pine woodlands, post-oak woodlands, disturbed places
Elevation 10–2500 m (0–8200 ft) 70–500 m (200–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; IL; KS; LA; MO; MT; NC; NE; NM; NV; NY; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; WY; Mexico; South America; West Indies [Introduced in Asia, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; TN; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Native distribution of Verbesina encelioides in the flora area is uncertain. Plants of Verbesina encelioides from ca. 100°W (e.g., c Texas) and eastward usually have auriculate petiole bases and have been called var. encelioides; plants from the west usually lack auricles and have been called var. exauriculata.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Verbesina helianthoides may be no longer present in Georgia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 108. FNA vol. 21, p. 109.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Verbesina Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Verbesina
Sibling taxa
V. alternifolia, V. aristata, V. chapmanii, V. dissita, V. helianthoides, V. heterophylla, V. lindheimeri, V. longifolia, V. microptera, V. nana, V. occidentalis, V. oreophila, V. rothrockii, V. virginica, V. walteri
V. alternifolia, V. aristata, V. chapmanii, V. dissita, V. encelioides, V. heterophylla, V. lindheimeri, V. longifolia, V. microptera, V. nana, V. occidentalis, V. oreophila, V. rothrockii, V. virginica, V. walteri
Synonyms Ximenesia encelioides, V. encelioides subsp. exauriculata, V. encelioides var. exauriculata
Name authority (Cavanilles) Bentham & Hooker f. ex A. Gray: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 1: 350. (1876) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 135. (1803)
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