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cowpen daisy, golden crownbeard

wingstem, wingstem crownbeard

Habit Plants 10–50(–120+) cm (annuals, internodes not winged). Plants (30–)100–200+ cm (perennating bases ± erect or horizontal rhizomes, internodes winged, at least proximal).
Leaves

all or mostly alternate (proximal usually opposite);

blades deltate-ovate or rhombic to lanceolate, 3–8(–12+) × 2–4(–6+) cm, bases broadly cuneate to ± truncate, margins coarsely toothed to subentire, apices acute to attenuate, faces strigoso-scabrellous to sericeous.

all or mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite);

blades lance-elliptic or lanceolate to lance-linear, 10–25+ × 2–8+ cm, bases narrowly cuneate, margins coarsely toothed to subentire, apices attenuate, faces scabrellous.

Involucres

± hemispheric to saucerlike, 10–20+ mm diam.

± saucerlike, 10–12+ mm diam.

Ray florets

(8–)12–15+;

laminae 8–10(–20+) mm.

(2–)6–8+;

laminae 15–25+ mm.

Disc florets

80–150+;

corollas yellow.

40–60+;

corollas yellow.

Phyllaries

12–18+ in 1–2 series, ± erect to spreading, lance-ovate or lance-linear to linear, 6–8+ mm.

8–12+ in 1(–2) series, ± spreading to reflexed, spatulate or lance-linear to linear, 3–8+ mm.

Heads

usually borne singly, sometimes 2–3+ in loose, cymiform or corymbiform arrays.

(3–)8–25(–50+) in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

dark brown to blackish, narrowly obovate, 3.5–5+ mm, faces ± strigillose;

pappi 0.5–1(–2) mm (0 on ray cypselae).

dark brown to black, oblanceolate to ± orbiculate, 4.5–5 mm, faces sparsely hirtellous to glabrate;

pappi 1.5–2 mm.

2n

= 34.

= 68.

Verbesina encelioides

Verbesina alternifolia

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct. Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat Swales, disturbed sites Alluvial flats, along streams, woodlands
Elevation 10–2500 m (0–8200 ft) 10–600 m (0–2000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; IL; KS; LA; MO; MT; NC; NE; NM; NV; NY; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; WY; Mexico; South America; West Indies [Introduced in Asia, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Native distribution of Verbesina encelioides in the flora area is uncertain. Plants of Verbesina encelioides from ca. 100°W (e.g., c Texas) and eastward usually have auriculate petiole bases and have been called var. encelioides; plants from the west usually lack auricles and have been called var. exauriculata.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Verbesina alternifolia may be no longer present in Delaware.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 108. FNA vol. 21, p. 108.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Verbesina Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Verbesina
Sibling taxa
V. alternifolia, V. aristata, V. chapmanii, V. dissita, V. helianthoides, V. heterophylla, V. lindheimeri, V. longifolia, V. microptera, V. nana, V. occidentalis, V. oreophila, V. rothrockii, V. virginica, V. walteri
V. aristata, V. chapmanii, V. dissita, V. encelioides, V. helianthoides, V. heterophylla, V. lindheimeri, V. longifolia, V. microptera, V. nana, V. occidentalis, V. oreophila, V. rothrockii, V. virginica, V. walteri
Synonyms Ximenesia encelioides, V. encelioides subsp. exauriculata, V. encelioides var. exauriculata Coreopsis alternifolia
Name authority (Cavanilles) Bentham & Hooker f. ex A. Gray: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 1: 350. (1876) (Linnaeus) Britton ex Kearney: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 485. (1893)
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