Verbascum virgatum |
Verbascum nigrum |
|
---|---|---|
molène en baguette, twiggy mullein, wand mullein |
black mullein, dark mullein |
|
Habit | Biennials. | Perennials. |
Stems | 50–100 cm, densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes also sparsely hirsute-villous. |
50–120 cm, sparsely tomentose to glabrate, glabrescent, eglandular. |
Leaves | surfaces densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes also sparsely hirsute-villous; basal and proximal cauline with petiole 1–2 mm; blade elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 8–20(–30) × 2.5–8(–15) cm, base subrounded to broadly cuneate; cauline not clasping, gradually smaller distally, base not decurrent, margins coarsely crenate to crenulate, apex of distal cauline and floral bracts acute to obtuse. |
surfaces sparsely tomentose to glabrate, abaxial soon glabrescent, sometimes both glabrate, eglandular; basal and proximal cauline with petiole 5–15(–20) mm; blade lanceolate to ovate or oblong, 12–30 × 5–12(–15) cm, base shallowly cordate to nearly truncate; cauline not clasping or distal ones clasping, gradually smaller distally, base not decurrent, margins crenate, apex of distal cauline and floral bracts acute. |
Inflorescences | unbranched, narrowly cylindric, flowers remote, solitary in axils at least distally, sometimes 1(–5) at proximal nodes; rachis densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes also sparsely hirsute-villous with simple hairs; bracts linear-lanceolate, 8–20 mm, base not decurrent, apex long-acuminate, densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes also sparsely hirsute-villous with simple hairs. |
unbranched, sometimes branched from proximal nodes, narrowly conic panicle, flowers loosely overlapping, in clusters of 5–10; rachis sparsely tomentose to glabrate, glabrescent, thinly tomentose on abaxial leaf surfaces, not completely obscuring epidermis, sometimes glabrate on both surfaces, eglandular; bracts linear, 4–7(–15) mm, base not decurrent, apex acute, sparsely tomentose to glabrate, glabrescent, thinly tomentose on abaxial leaf surfaces, not completely obscuring epidermis, sometimes glabrate on both surfaces, eglandular. |
Pedicels | free, (0–)1–3 mm; bracteoles 2. |
free, 5–12(–15) mm; bracteoles 2. |
Flowers | calyx 4–9 mm, densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes also sparsely hirsute-villous with simple hairs, lobes ovate-lanceolate to triangular or narrowly lanceolate; corolla yellow, (25–)30–40 mm diam., pellucid glands absent or relatively few; proximal filaments glabrous at least distally, distal pair villous, hairs purplish to violet or whitish; stigma capitate. |
calyx 3–4.5 mm, sparsely tomentose to glabrate, glabrescent, thinly tomentose on abaxial leaf surfaces, not completely obscuring epidermis, sometimes glabrate on both surfaces, eglandular, lobes linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate; corolla yellow to cream, 18–25 mm diam., pellucid glands relatively numerous; filaments villous, hairs purple to violet; stigma capitate. |
Capsules | ovoid-globular to subglobular, 6–10 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
ovoid-ellipsoid to ellipsoid-obovoid, 4–5 mm, tomentose. |
Verbascum virgatum |
Verbascum nigrum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun(–Oct). | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, disturbed sites. | Fields, roadsides, disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 10–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) | 100–300(–700) m. (300–1000(–2300) ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; ID; IL; IN; LA; NC; NM; NV; NY; OH; PA; SC; TX; UT; BC; NS; ON; QC; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Coahuila), South America (Argentina, Chile), s Asia (India), Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
|
IL; MA; MN; NH; NJ; PA; WI; AB; ON; SK; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | The occurrence of Verbascum virgatum in Nova Scotia may be historic; Ruth collected specimens from 1940 through 1960 from East Chester, Sydney, and Wolfville; it apparently has not been seen there subsequently. It also may be historic in British Columbia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Verbascum nigrum is recognized by its petiolate, basally cordate to truncate basal leaves, bicolored or dark on both surfaces, dark-colored stems, usually unbranched inflorescences, relatively small flowers, and narrow calyx lobes. Plants in the flora area appear to be subsp. nigrum, with a mostly unbranched inflorescence; subsp. abietinum (Borbás) I. K. Ferguson, found in Germany, has freely branched inflorescences. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 347. | FNA vol. 17, p. 350. |
Parent taxa | Scrophulariaceae > Verbascum | Scrophulariaceae > Verbascum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Stokes: in W. Withering, Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 227. (1787) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 178. (1753) |
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