Vaccinium myrtillus |
Vaccinium darrowii |
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bilberry, dwarf bilberry, dwarf blueberry, low bilberry, low blueberry, myrtle blueberry, whortleberry |
Darrow's blueberry, Darrow's evergreen blueberry, southern highbush blueberry |
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Habit | Plants forming open colonies, 0.5–12 dm, rhizomatous; twigs green, conspicuously 3-angled, glabrous or minutely puberulent along grooves. | Plants forming extensive open colonies, 1–15 dm; twigs pale green, glaucous, ± terete, puberulent. |
Leaves | blades bright green, broadly elliptic or ovate, 19–27 × 7–11 mm, margins sharply serrate, surfaces laxly glandular abaxially. |
persistent for 1+ years; blade usually pale green abaxially, dark green adaxially, elliptic, 7–11 × 3–5 mm, coriaceous, margins entire, (often inrolled), surfaces usually glabrous abaxially (rarely minutely hairy along midvein). |
Flowers | calyx green, lobes ± recurved (or absent and margins of tube sinuate), deltate, 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous; corolla pink, cream, or greenish white, globose, 3–5 × 5–7 mm, thin, glaucous; filaments glabrous. |
calyx greenish, glabrous; corolla white tinged with pink or red, ± urceolate, 4–6 mm; filaments ciliate. |
Berries | purple-black or bluish black, rarely reddish or red, 7–9 mm diam. |
blue, glaucous, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous. |
Seeds | ca. 1 mm. |
10–20, ca. 1 mm. |
2n | = 24, 48. |
= 24. |
Vaccinium myrtillus |
Vaccinium darrowii |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring–summer. | Flowering winter–spring. |
Habitat | Heaths, montane heaths, boggy barrens, degraded meadows, open coniferous forests, oak parklands, disturbed or open birch woods, hummocky seepage slopes, moraines | Low flatwoods, scrubby flatwoods, oak-scrub, palmetto scrubs and swales |
Elevation | 0-2600 m (0-8500 ft) | 0-30 m (0-100 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; AB; BC; Greenland; Europe; e Asia (Japan)
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS
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Discussion | Vaccinium myrtillus fruits are popular in Europe and are known to possess antioxidants and other compounds beneficial to vascular health. Berries in Europe are extensively harvested from wild stands. In North America, the fruits were used by the Kootenai, Carrier, Shuswap, and other native tribes. The small plant and fruit sizes create challenges for commercialization in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 523. | FNA vol. 8, p. 527. |
Parent taxa | Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Vaccinium > sect. Myrtillus | Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Vaccinium > sect. Cyanococcus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. myrtillus subsp. oreophilum, V. myrtillus var. oreophilum, V. oreophilum | V. myrsinites var. glaucum |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 349. (1753) | Camp: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 69: 240. 1942 (as darrowi) , |
Web links |