Vaccinium myrtillus |
Vaccinium arboreum |
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bilberry, dwarf bilberry, dwarf blueberry, low bilberry, low blueberry, myrtle blueberry, whortleberry |
farkleberry, sparkleberry |
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Habit | Plants forming open colonies, 0.5–12 dm, rhizomatous; twigs green, conspicuously 3-angled, glabrous or minutely puberulent along grooves. | Shrubs or trees, trunks to 35 cm diam. at breast height; twigs of current season reddish green, glabrous, glaucous, or glandular-hairy, not verrucose. |
Leaf | blades bright green, broadly elliptic or ovate, 19–27 × 7–11 mm, margins sharply serrate, surfaces laxly glandular abaxially. |
blades pale green, glaucous, obovate to oblong, 22–40 × 12–20 mm, coriaceous, surfaces glabrous or glandular-hairy abaxially, glabrous and lustrous adaxially. |
Inflorescence | bracts ± persistent. |
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Pedicels | slender, 0.8–1.2 cm. |
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Flowers | calyx green, lobes ± recurved (or absent and margins of tube sinuate), deltate, 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous; corolla pink, cream, or greenish white, globose, 3–5 × 5–7 mm, thin, glaucous; filaments glabrous. |
calyx 21–29 × 7–13 mm; corolla white, 3–5 mm; filaments ciliate. |
Berries | purple-black or bluish black, rarely reddish or red, 7–9 mm diam. |
shiny black, 7–9 mm diam. 2n = 24. |
Seeds | ca. 1 mm. |
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2n | = 24, 48. |
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Vaccinium myrtillus |
Vaccinium arboreum |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring–summer. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Heaths, montane heaths, boggy barrens, degraded meadows, open coniferous forests, oak parklands, disturbed or open birch woods, hummocky seepage slopes, moraines | Sandy or rocky habitats, usually xeric woodlands |
Elevation | 0-2600 m (0-8500 ft) | 0-800 m (0-2600 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; AB; BC; Greenland; Europe; e Asia (Japan)
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AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Vaccinium myrtillus fruits are popular in Europe and are known to possess antioxidants and other compounds beneficial to vascular health. Berries in Europe are extensively harvested from wild stands. In North America, the fruits were used by the Kootenai, Carrier, Shuswap, and other native tribes. The small plant and fruit sizes create challenges for commercialization in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Vaccinium arboreum is rare and local in Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, and Virginia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 523. | FNA vol. 8, p. 525. |
Parent taxa | Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Vaccinium > sect. Myrtillus | Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Vaccinium > sect. Batodendron |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. myrtillus subsp. oreophilum, V. myrtillus var. oreophilum, V. oreophilum | Batodendron arboreum, V. arboreum var. glaucescens |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 349. (1753) | Marshall: Arbust. Amer., 157. 1785 , |
Web links |