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airelle gazonnante, dwarf bilberry, dwarf blueberry, dwarf huckleberry

bilberry, dwarf bilberry, dwarf blueberry, low bilberry, low blueberry, myrtle blueberry, whortleberry

Habit Plants forming dense colonies, 0.3–6 dm, superficially rhizomatous; twigs yellow-green, reddish green, or reddish brown, terete to somewhat angled, finely puberulent or, rarely, glabrous. Shrubs, erect, to 4 dm, rhizomatous or not, (twigs sharply angled to terete, buds covered by 2 partially fused prophylls).
Leaves

blades green, usually oblanceolate, sometimes obovate or narrowly elliptic, 10–30 × 3–12 mm, margins usually serrulate from apex to at least mid blade, surfaces usually glandular abaxially, usually glabrous adaxially.

deciduous, rarely subpersistent, (usually distichous).

Inflorescences

solitary flowers in axils of proximalmost leaves of leafy shoots of current year.

Pedicels

continuous with calyx tube.

Flowers

calyx pale green, lobes vestigial, glabrous;

corolla white, white with pink striping, or pink, cylindric-urceolate to globose, 4–7 × 3–5 mm, thin, glaucous;

filaments glabrous.

sepals 5, (ca. 2 mm);

petals 5, connate for nearly their entire lengths, corolla (closed in bud), globose to urceolate;

stamens 10, included;

anthers with conspicuous awns, tubules ca. 1-2 mm, with terminal pores.

Berries

usually blue, glaucous, rarely dull black, 5–9 mm diam.

5-locular (each locule containing 10-50 ovules).

Seeds

ca. 1 mm.

(3-)10-35.

2n

= 24.

Vaccinium cespitosum

Vaccinium sect. Myrtillus

Phenology Flowering late spring-mid summer.
Habitat Open, usually dry habitats, from lowland to subalpine areas
Elevation 0-4500 m (0-14800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; ID; ME; MI; MN; MT; NH; NM; NY; OR; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Hidalgo); Central America (Guatemala)
[WildflowerSearch map]
North America; Mexico; Central America (Guatemala); Europe; Asia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 7 (7 in the flora).

Section Myrtillus is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere and has its greatest diversity along the Pacific Rim from Japan to Guatemala (S. P. Vander Kloet and T. A. Dickinson 1999). All of the seven species of this section occur in the flora area; Vaccinium ovalifolium also occurs in eastern Asia, V. caespitosum extends southward to Guatemala, and V. myrtillus is circumboreal. Species of the section are commonly called huckleberries, blueberries, bilberries, or whortleberries. All produce edible fruit, and most were food sources for Native American peoples in western North America. Although none has been domesticated, some species show potential for commercial cultivation.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 524. FNA vol. 8, p. 522.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Vaccinium > sect. Myrtillus Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Vaccinium
Sibling taxa
V. angustifolium, V. arboreum, V. boreale, V. corymbosum, V. crassifolium, V. darrowii, V. deliciosum, V. erythrocarpum, V. hirsutum, V. macrocarpon, V. membranaceum, V. myrsinites, V. myrtilloides, V. myrtillus, V. ovalifolium, V. ovatum, V. oxycoccos, V. pallidum, V. parvifolium, V. scoparium, V. stamineum, V. tenellum, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea
Subordinate taxa
Synonyms V. arbuscula, V. caespitosum var. arbuscula, V. caespitosum var. paludicola, V. geminiflorum, V. nivictum, V. paludicola
Name authority Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 234. 1803 , Dumortier: Fl. Belg. 53. (1827)
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