Urtica gracilenta |
Urtica urens |
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mountain nettle |
annual nettle, annual stinging nettle, burning nettle, dog nettle, dwarf nettle, small nettle |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, with taproot, 3-20 dm. | Herbs, annual, with taproot, 1-8 dm. |
Stems | simple or branched from base, erect. |
simple or branched, erect. |
Leaf | blades ovate to broadly ovate, distal blades becoming ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 7-15 × 5-10 cm, base truncate to cordate, margins coarsely dentate, apex acute to caudate; cystoliths rounded or occasionally elongate. |
blades elliptic to broadly elliptic, widest near middle, 1.8-9 × 1.2-4.5 cm, base cuneate, margins coarsely serrate, serrations often with lateral lobes, apex acute; cystoliths rounded. |
Inflorescences | racemose, elongate. |
spikelike or paniculate. |
Flowers | unisexual, staminate and pistillate in separate inflorescences, or with a few pistillate flowers at apex of staminate inflorescences, subsessile to short-pedunculate. |
unisexual, staminate and pistillate in same inflorescence, subsessile to short-pedunculate. |
Pistillate flowers | outer tepals lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 0.8-1 mm, inner tepals broadly ovate, 1.4-2.2 × 1.3-1.4 mm. |
outer tepals ovate, 0.5-0.7 mm, inner tepals broadly ovate, 0.6-0.9 × 1.2-1.4 mm. |
Achenes | ovoid, 1.4-1.6 × 1-1.1 mm. |
ovoid, 1.5-1.8 × 1.1-1.3 mm. |
2n | = 26. |
= 24, 26. |
Urtica gracilenta |
Urtica urens |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall, occasionally all year. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Alluvial or calcareous soils, often in moist, shaded places | Waste places, roadsides, pastures, barnyards, cultivated fields, rich woodlands |
Elevation | 1200-2800 m (3900-9200 ft) | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico
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AK; AL; AZ; CA; CT; FL; IA; IL; MA; ME; MI; MO; NH; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TX; VT; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Within the flora, Urtica urens is most abundant in California and in eastern Canada. The Shuswap used it medicinally for sweatbaths and for pain from rheumatism (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Urticaceae > Urtica | Urticaceae > Urtica |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Greene: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 8: 122. (1881) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 984. (1753) |
Web links |
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