Urochloa platyphylla |
Urochloa subquadripara |
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broadleaf signalgrass |
armgrass millet |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants annual or short-lived perennials. |
Culms | 25-100 cm, decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes; nodes glabrous. |
10-70 cm, decumbent, branching and rooting at the lower nodes; nodes glabrous; internodes glabrous or sparsely pilose distally. |
Sheaths | glabrous or sparsely pilose; ligules 0.5-1 mm; blades 2.5-17.5 cm long, 3-13 mm wide, glabrous or sparsely pilose, bases subcordate, not clasping the stems, margins ciliate basally, with papillose-based hairs. |
mostly pubescent or glabrous, margins ciliate; ligules 0.5-1.3 mm; blades 2-15(27) cm long, 3-10 (12) mm wide, glabrous or pubescent; margins scabrous, sometimes ciliate basally; bases subcordate, not clasping the stems. |
Panicles | 6-16 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, with 2-8 spikelike primary branches in 2 ranks; primary branches 3-8 cm, axils pubescent, axes 1.3-2.5 mm wide, flat, usually glabrous, occasionally pilose dorsally; secondary branches rarely present; pedicels shorter than the spikelets, scabrous and sparsely pilose. |
2.5-13(22) cm, with 3-6(9) spikelike primary branches in 2 ranks; primary branches 2-7 cm, ascending to reflexed, axes 0.7-1.2 mm wide, flat and narrowly winged, margins scabrous; secondary branches absent; pedicels shorter than the spikelets, scabrous. |
Spikelets | 3.8-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, ovoid, bi-convex; solitary, appressed to the branches, in 2 rows. |
3.3-3.8 mm long, 1-1.4 mm wide, solitary, appressed to the branches, in 2 rows. |
Glumes | scarcely separated; lower glumes 1.2-1.8 mm, to 1/3 as long as the spikelets, obtuse, glabrous, 5(-7)-veined, not clasping the base of the spikelets; upper glumes 3.2-4.7 mm, glabrous, 7(-9)-veined; lower florets sterile; lower lemmas 3.2-4.7 mm, glabrous, 5-veined; lower paleas present; upper lemmas 2.8-3.4 mm long, 1.8-2.3 mm wide, apices incurved, broadly acute to rounded, mucronulate; anthers about 1 mm. |
separated by 0.3-0.5 mm; lower glumes 1.4-1.7 mm, 1/3 – 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 9-11-veined, glabrous; upper glumes 2.7-3.4 mm, glabrous, 7-9-veined; lower florets sterile; lower lemmas 2.7-3.4 mm, glabrous, 5-veined, without evident cross venation; lower paleas present; upper lemmas 2.6-3.4 mm, apices rounded to acute, mucronate; anthers 1.1-1.35 mm. |
Caryopses | 1.5-2.2 mm. |
1.6-2.5 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
= 36, 54, 72, 84. |
Urochloa platyphylla |
Urochloa subquadripara |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Urochloa platyphylla is a weedy species found in open, sandy soil in the southeastern United States, West Indies, and South America. Morrone and Zuloaga (1993) considered reports of its occurrence in Mexico as doubtful, possibly being based on misidentified specimens of Urochloa plantaginea. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Urochloa subquadripara, native to tropical Asia and Australasia, is established in Florida and, reportedly, Georgia, although no specimens documenting its presence in Georgia have been located. A weedy species that has been introduced into the tropics worldwide, it is reported to have good drought tolerance, and is used as forage in tropical Asia. Its weediness and drought tolerance suggest that it might also become a troublesome weed in some parts of the Flora region. Urochloa subquadripara is similar to U. distachya (L.) T.Q. Nguyen, and the two taxa are sometimes treated as one species (e.g., Pohl 1980; Morrone and Zuloaga 1992, 1993). They are maintained here as separate species pending further research. Urochloa distachya supposedly has shorter (2.4-3 mm) spikelets and shorter (1.9-2.3 mm) upper florets. Urochloa subquadripara can also be confused with the glabrous form of U. piligera, but it differs in having a well-developed palea and smaller (3.3-3.8 mm), well-separated spikelets. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 503. | FNA vol. 25, p. 501. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Urochloa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Urochloa |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Brachiaria platyphylla, Brachiaria extensa | Brachiaria subquadripara |
Name authority | (Munro ex C. Wright) R.D. Webster | (Trin.) R.D. Webster |
Web links |