Ulmus pumila
Ulmus serotina
Asiatic elm, dwarf elm, Siberian elm
red elm, september elm
gray to brown, deeply furrowed with interlacing ridges.
light brown to reddish with shallow fissures.
not winged;
twigs gray-brown, pubescent.
spreading to pendulous, often developing irregular corky wings with maturity;
twigs brown to gray, pubescent to glabrous.
dark brown, ovoid, glabrous;
scales light brown, shiny, glabrous to slightly pubescent.
brown, apex acute, glabrous;
scales dark brown, glabrous.
blade narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 2-6.5 × 2-3.5 cm, base generally not oblique, margins singly serrate, apex acute;
surfaces abaxially with some pubescence in axils of veins, adaxially glabrous;
lateral veins forking to 3 times per side.
blade oblong-obovate, 7-10 × 3-4.5 cm, base oblique, margins doubly serrate, apex acuminate;
surfaces abaxially yellow-gold soft-pubescent, pubescence absent from axils of veins, adaxially yellow-green, glabrous.
tightly clustered fascicles, 6-15-flowered, 0.5 cm, flowers and fruits not pendulous, sessile.
racemes, 8-12-flowered, long, to 5 cm;
pedicel 0.5-1 cm.
calyx shallowly lobed, lobes 4-5, glabrous;
stamens 4-8;
anthers brownish red;
stigmas green, lobes exserted.
calyx lobed almost to base, lobes 5-6;
stamens 5-6;
anthers yellow-red;
stigmas white, pubescent.
thickened, not inflated.
thickened, not inflated.
brittle.
hard.
yellow-cream, orbiculate, 10-14 mm diam., broadly winged, glabrous, tip notched 1/3-1/2 its length.
light brown, ovoid to elliptic, 1-1.5 cm, narrowly winged, pubescent, margins densely ciliate, tip deeply notched.
= 28.
= 28.
Ulmus pumila
Ulmus serotina
Ulmus pumila probably occurs in Vermont and West Virginia, but it has not been documented for those states.
Planted for quick-growing windbreaks, Ulmus pumila has weak wood, and its branches break easily in mature trees. It is easily distinguished from other North American elms by its singly serrate leaf margins. Ulmus pumila is similar to U. parvifolia Jacquin with its small, singly serrate leaves. Ulmus parvifolia, however, has smooth bark that sheds from tan to orange, and it flowers and sets fruit in the fall.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Ulmus serotina is infrequent, and few populations are found outside of Tennessee. It reputedly is highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease (W. H. Duncan and M. B. Duncan 1988), and it is sometimes cultivated. Ulmus serotina hybridizes with U. crassifolia, and plants have been informally designated U. arkansana, an unpublished name. In Arkansas and Oklahoma where hybrid swarms are common, specimens are often difficult to assign to either taxon.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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