Ulmus procera
Ulmus serotina
English cork elm, English elm, field elm
red elm, september elm
grayish brown, deeply ridged, flaking.
light brown to reddish with shallow fissures.
old-growth branchlets with corky ridges;
twigs reddish brown, villous to scabrous, old-growth branchlets with corky ridges.
spreading to pendulous, often developing irregular corky wings with maturity;
twigs brown to gray, pubescent to glabrous.
ovoid;
scales dark brown, sparsely pubescent, marginally pale-ciliate.
brown, apex acute, glabrous;
scales dark brown, glabrous.
blade broadly lanceolate-elliptic to ovate, (3-)7-10 × (3-)4-6(-10) cm, base strongly oblique, not covering petiole, margins doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate;
surfaces abaxially villous with woolly tufts in vein axils, pale in contrast to adaxial surface, adaxially dark green, glabrous to sparsely scabrous, margins not ciliate.
blade oblong-obovate, 7-10 × 3-4.5 cm, base oblique, margins doubly serrate, apex acuminate;
surfaces abaxially yellow-gold soft-pubescent, pubescence absent from axils of veins, adaxially yellow-green, glabrous.
dense clusters of subsessile flowers borne on lateral shoots resembling short racemes, flowers and fruits not pendulous.
racemes, 8-12-flowered, long, to 5 cm;
pedicel 0.5-1 cm.
calyx green to reddish purple or tan, shallowly lobed, lobes 5-8, marginally villous;
stamens 3-5(-6);
anthers dark brown, globose;
stigmas white, puberulous, persistent in fruit, slender lobes incurved.
calyx lobed almost to base, lobes 5-6;
stamens 5-6;
anthers yellow-red;
stigmas white, pubescent.
thickened, not inflated.
thickened, not inflated.
hard.
hard.
light brown, darker brown to red in area covering seed, orbiculate, about as long as broad, 0.9-1.8 × 0.9-1.6 cm, broadly winged, glabrous except for pubescence along margin of apex, apex shallowly notched.
light brown, ovoid to elliptic, 1-1.5 cm, narrowly winged, pubescent, margins densely ciliate, tip deeply notched.
= 28.
= 28.
Ulmus procera
Ulmus serotina
In the absence of carefully documented naturalized populations, the North American distribution of Ulmus procera is very poorly known. It is locally established in British Columbia, Arizona, Louisiana, Maryland, and Michigan. It has been reported from Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Off-shoots from the root systems are often found close to planted trees, forming dense clones, especially in and around urban centers.
Some authors have combined Ulmus minor Miller and U. procera Salisbury. This treatment follows that of Tutin and colleagues (T. G. Tutin et al. 1964-1980, vol. 1, pp. 65-66), in which the species were regarded as separate. Reports of Ulmus minor Miller, in the strict sense, in North America are not confirmed. Hybrids of Ulmus procera and U. glabra are reported from New York (R. S. Mitchell 1988) and may be spreading. Both U. procera and U. glabra are involved in the parentage of Dutch elm, Ulmus ×hollandica Pallas.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Ulmus serotina is infrequent, and few populations are found outside of Tennessee. It reputedly is highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease (W. H. Duncan and M. B. Duncan 1988), and it is sometimes cultivated. Ulmus serotina hybridizes with U. crassifolia, and plants have been informally designated U. arkansana, an unpublished name. In Arkansas and Oklahoma where hybrid swarms are common, specimens are often difficult to assign to either taxon.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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