Ulmus crassifolia |
Ulmus rubra |
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cedar elm |
orme rouge, slippery elm |
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Habit | Trees, 24-27 m; crowns rounded to narrow. | Trees, 18-35 m; crowns open. |
Bark | light brown with shallow ridges and large plates. |
brown to red, deeply and irregularly furrowed. |
Branches | often with opposite corky wings; twigs reddish brown, pubescent. |
spreading; twigs gray, densely pubescent when young, glabrous with age. |
Buds | brown, apex acute, pubescent; scales dark brown, shiny, glabrous. |
obtuse; scales red, margins red-tomentose. |
Leaves | blade ovate to elliptic, 2.5-5 × 1.3-2 cm, base oblique or rounded to cuneate, margins crenate to doubly serrate, apex obtuse; surfaces abaxially softly pubescent, adaxially harshly pubescent. |
blade obovate to ovate, 8-16 × 5-7.5 cm, base oblique, margins doubly serrate in distal 1/2-3/4, singly serrate proximally, basal teeth 6 or fewer, rounded, less distinct, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially tomentose, dense tufts of white hair in axils of major veins, adaxially harshly scabrous, trichomes pointed toward apex, margins ciliate. |
Inflorescences | fascicles, 2-5-flowered, 0.5 cm; pedicel 0.75-1 cm. |
dense fascicles less than 2.5 cm, 8-20-flowered, flowers and fruits not pendulous, subsessile; pedicel 1-2 mm. |
Flowers | calyx deeply lobed, more than 1/2 its length, lobes 6-9, hairy; stamens 5-6, anthers reddish purple; stigmas white, pubescent, exserted and spreading. |
calyx green to reddish, shallowly lobed, lobes 5-9, reddish pubescent; stamens 5-9; anthers reddish; stigmas exserted, pink reddish. |
Seeds | somewhat thickened, not inflated. |
thickened, not inflated. |
Wood | hard. |
soft. |
Samaras | green to tan, elliptic to oval, ca. 0.75-1 cm, pubescent, margins ciliate, cilia ca. 0.5 mm. |
yellow to cream, suborbiculate, 12-18 mm diam., broadly winged, samaras pubescent on body only, rusty-tomentose, margins glabrous. |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Ulmus crassifolia |
Ulmus rubra |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–early fall. | Flowering late winter–early spring. |
Habitat | Stream banks, low woods, low hillsides, roadsides, waste places, sometimes shade trees | Lower slopes, alluvial flood plains, stream banks, riverbanks, and wooded bottom lands |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-600(-900) m (0-2000(-3000) ft) |
Distribution |
AR; FL; LA; MS; OK; TN; TX; n Mexico
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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Discussion | Except for the Suwanee River valley in Florida, Ulmus crassifolia has not been found east of Webster County, Mississippi. It hybridizes with U. serotina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Scabrous-leaved Ulmus rubra is often confused with U. americana. Where ranges coincide, U. rubra may freely intergrade with Ulmus pumila Linnaeus, a widely introduced species. The red-rust, mucilaginous inner bark of Ulmus rubra is distinctive; its sticky slime gives this tree its common name of slippery elm. Native American tribes used Ulmus rubra for a wide variety of medicinal purposes, including inducing labor, soothing stomach and bowels, treating dysentary, coughs, colds, and catarrhs, dressing burns and sores, and as a laxative (D. E. Moerman 1986). Various preparations utilizing it are still marketed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ulmaceae > Ulmus | Ulmaceae > Ulmus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | U. crispa, U. fulva, U. pendula, U. pubescens | |
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s. 5: 169. (1837) | Muhlenberg: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5: 169. (1793) |
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