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cedar elm

orme rouge, slippery elm

Habit Trees, 24-27 m; crowns rounded to narrow. Trees, 18-35 m; crowns open.
Bark

light brown with shallow ridges and large plates.

brown to red, deeply and irregularly furrowed.

Branches

often with opposite corky wings;

twigs reddish brown, pubescent.

spreading;

twigs gray, densely pubescent when young, glabrous with age.

Buds

brown, apex acute, pubescent;

scales dark brown, shiny, glabrous.

obtuse;

scales red, margins red-tomentose.

Leaves

blade ovate to elliptic, 2.5-5 × 1.3-2 cm, base oblique or rounded to cuneate, margins crenate to doubly serrate, apex obtuse;

surfaces abaxially softly pubescent, adaxially harshly pubescent.

blade obovate to ovate, 8-16 × 5-7.5 cm, base oblique, margins doubly serrate in distal 1/2-3/4, singly serrate proximally, basal teeth 6 or fewer, rounded, less distinct, apex acuminate;

surfaces abaxially tomentose, dense tufts of white hair in axils of major veins, adaxially harshly scabrous, trichomes pointed toward apex, margins ciliate.

Inflorescences

fascicles, 2-5-flowered, 0.5 cm;

pedicel 0.75-1 cm.

dense fascicles less than 2.5 cm, 8-20-flowered, flowers and fruits not pendulous, subsessile;

pedicel 1-2 mm.

Flowers

calyx deeply lobed, more than 1/2 its length, lobes 6-9, hairy;

stamens 5-6, anthers reddish purple;

stigmas white, pubescent, exserted and spreading.

calyx green to reddish, shallowly lobed, lobes 5-9, reddish pubescent;

stamens 5-9;

anthers reddish;

stigmas exserted, pink reddish.

Seeds

somewhat thickened, not inflated.

thickened, not inflated.

Wood

hard.

soft.

Samaras

green to tan, elliptic to oval, ca. 0.75-1 cm, pubescent, margins ciliate, cilia ca. 0.5 mm.

yellow to cream, suborbiculate, 12-18 mm diam., broadly winged, samaras pubescent on body only, rusty-tomentose, margins glabrous.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Ulmus crassifolia

Ulmus rubra

Phenology Flowering late summer–early fall. Flowering late winter–early spring.
Habitat Stream banks, low woods, low hillsides, roadsides, waste places, sometimes shade trees Lower slopes, alluvial flood plains, stream banks, riverbanks, and wooded bottom lands
Elevation 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) 0-600(-900) m (0-2000(-3000) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; FL; LA; MS; OK; TN; TX; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Except for the Suwanee River valley in Florida, Ulmus crassifolia has not been found east of Webster County, Mississippi. It hybridizes with U. serotina.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Scabrous-leaved Ulmus rubra is often confused with U. americana. Where ranges coincide, U. rubra may freely intergrade with Ulmus pumila Linnaeus, a widely introduced species.

The red-rust, mucilaginous inner bark of Ulmus rubra is distinctive; its sticky slime gives this tree its common name of slippery elm. Native American tribes used Ulmus rubra for a wide variety of medicinal purposes, including inducing labor, soothing stomach and bowels, treating dysentary, coughs, colds, and catarrhs, dressing burns and sores, and as a laxative (D. E. Moerman 1986). Various preparations utilizing it are still marketed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Ulmaceae > Ulmus Ulmaceae > Ulmus
Sibling taxa
U. alata, U. americana, U. glabra, U. parvifolia, U. procera, U. pumila, U. rubra, U. serotina, U. thomasii
U. alata, U. americana, U. crassifolia, U. glabra, U. parvifolia, U. procera, U. pumila, U. serotina, U. thomasii
Synonyms U. crispa, U. fulva, U. pendula, U. pubescens
Name authority Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s. 5: 169. (1837) Muhlenberg: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5: 169. (1793)
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