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tower rock-cress, tower-mustard

tower-mustard, towercress

Habit Plants (3–)4–12(–15) dm, sparsely to densely pilose basally, glabrous distally, trichomes simple and short-stalked, forked. Biennials or, rarely, perennials (short-lived); not scapose; (glaucous distally), glabrous or pubescent (mostly proximally), trichomes simple and/or stalked, forked, or substellate.
Stems

erect, unbranched basally, often branched distally.

Leaves

basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile;

basal rosulate, petiolate, margins usually dentate, sinuate, repand, or pinnatifid, rarely entire;

cauline blade (base auriculate or sagittate [amplexicaul]), margins dentate or entire.

Basal leaves

blades spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, (4–)5–12(–15) cm × 10–30 mm, apex obtuse, surfaces usually pubescent, rarely glabrous.

Cauline leaves

blade lanceolate, oblong-elliptic, or ovate, 2–9(–12) cm × (5–)10–25(–40) mm, apex acute.

Racemes

(corymbose), considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals (2.5–)3–5 × 0.5–1.2 mm, glabrous;

petals 5–8.5 × 1.3–1.7 mm;

filaments slender, median pairs 3.5–6.5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–4.5 mm;

anthers 0.7–1.5 mm.

sepals erect, oblong or linear, (margins membranous);

petals usually yellowish or creamy white, rarely pink [purplish], usually narrowly spatulate or linear-oblanceolate, rarely linear, claw not differentiated from blade, (apex obtuse);

stamens (erect), tetradynamous;

filaments not dilated basally;

anthers narrowly oblong [linear], (apex obtuse);

nectar glands confluent, subtending bases of stamens, lateral glands annular, median glands present.

Fruiting pedicels

appressed to rachis, (6–)7–16(–20) mm, glabrous.

erect [divaricate], (appressed to rachis), slender.

Fruits

(3–)4–10(–12.5) cm × 0.7–1.5 mm;

style 0.5–0.8(–1) mm.

siliques, dehiscent, sessile, linear, smooth, often subterete-quadrangular, (leathery);

valves each with prominent midvein, glabrous;

replum rounded;

septum complete, (membranous, veinless);

ovules 130–200 per ovary; (style distinct, short, stout);

stigma capitate, (subentire).

Seeds

0.6–1.2 × 0.5–0.9 mm.

biseriate, flattened, not winged or, rarely, narrowly winged, oblong or subglobose [elliptic, orbicular];

seed coat not mucilaginous when wetted;

cotyledons accumbent.

x

= 6, 8.

2n

= 12, 16, 32.

Turritis glabra

Turritis

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Forest margins, fields, roadsides, stream banks, disturbed sites, mountain slopes, woods, meadows
Elevation 0-2800 m (0-9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Europe; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Eurasia; n Africa
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 2 (1 in the flora).

Turritis laxa (Smith) Hayek is distributed in eastern Europe and the Middle East.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 458. FNA vol. 7, p. 458. Author: Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Camelineae > Turritis Brassicaceae > tribe Camelineae
Subordinate taxa
T. glabra
Synonyms Arabis glabra, Arabis glabra var. furcatipilis, Arabis macrocarpa, Arabis perfoliata, Arabis pseudoturritis, T. glabra var. lilacina, T. macrocarpa, T. pseudoturritis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 666. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 666. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 298. (1754)
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