Tsuga caroliniana
Tsuga canadensis
Carolina hemlock
Canada hemlock, eastern hemlock, hemlock spruce, pruche du Canada
brown, scaly and fissured.
brownish, scaly and fissured.
light brown, thinly covered with short, dark hairs.
yellow-brown, densely pubescent.
oblong, 2–3mm.
ovoid, 1.5–2.5mm.
10–20mm, mostly spreading in all directions from twigs, flat but slightly revolute;
abaxial surface glaucous, with 2 broad, conspicuous stomatal bands, adaxial surface shiny green;
margins entire.
(5–)15–20(–25)mm, mostly appearing 2-ranked, flattened;
abaxial surface glaucous, with 2 broad, conspicuous stomatal bands, adaxial surface shiny green (yellow-green);
margins minutely dentate, especially toward apex.
cones ovoid to oblong, 2.5–4 × 1.5–2.5cm;
scales oblong, 12–18 × 8–12mm, bases clawed, apex rounded.
cones ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5cm;
scales ovate to cuneate, 8–12 × 7–10mm, apex ± round, often projected outward.
=24.
=24.
Tsuga caroliniana
Tsuga canadensis
Tsuga caroliniana is valuable as an attractive ornamental; a number of cultivars have been developed. The wood is of little commercial importance because of the combination of mediocre quality and the relative rarity of the species in nature.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Numerous cultivars of Tsuga canadensis have been developed, including compact shrubs, dwarfs, and graceful trees. Wood of the species tends to be brittle and inferior to that of the other North American hemlocks.
Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is the state tree of Pennsylvania.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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