Tsuga canadensis |
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Canada hemlock, eastern hemlock, hemlock spruce, pruche du Canada |
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Habit | Trees to 30m; trunk to 1.5m diam.; crown broadly conic. |
Bark | brownish, scaly and fissured. |
Twigs | yellow-brown, densely pubescent. |
Buds | ovoid, 1.5–2.5mm. |
Leaves | (5–)15–20(–25)mm, mostly appearing 2-ranked, flattened; abaxial surface glaucous, with 2 broad, conspicuous stomatal bands, adaxial surface shiny green (yellow-green); margins minutely dentate, especially toward apex. |
Seed | cones ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5cm; scales ovate to cuneate, 8–12 × 7–10mm, apex ± round, often projected outward. |
2n | =24. |
Tsuga canadensis |
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Habitat | Moist rocky ridges, ravines, and hillsides |
Elevation | 600–1800m (2000–5900ft) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; GA; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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Discussion | Numerous cultivars of Tsuga canadensis have been developed, including compact shrubs, dwarfs, and graceful trees. Wood of the species tends to be brittle and inferior to that of the other North American hemlocks. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is the state tree of Pennsylvania. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Pinaceae > Tsuga |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | Pinus canadensis |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Carrière |
Web links |