Triticum aestivum
Triticum timopheevii
ble commun, ble cultive, bread wheat, common wheat, soft wheat, wheat
Timopheev's wheat
14-150 cm;
nodes glabrous or pubescent;
internodes usually hollow, even immediately below the spikes.
to 140 cm;
nodes glabrous or pubescent;
internodes mostly hollow, partially solid to hollow for 1 cm below the spikes.
6-15(20) mm wide, glabrous or pubescent.
to 10 mm wide, densely hairy, hairs 1.5-4 mm.
(3.5)6-18 cm, usually thicker than wide to about as thick as wide, wider than thick in compact forms;
rachises shortly ciliate at the nodes and margins, not disarticulating.
5-7 cm, strongly flattened, wider than thick;
rachises ciliate at the nodes and margins;
internodes 1.5-2.5 mm, disarticulating with pressure, dispersal units wedge-shaped.
10-15 mm, appressed or ascending, with 3-9 florets, 2-5 seed-forming.
16-18 mm, elliptical to ovate, strongly flattened, with 3 florets, usually the lower 2 seed-forming.
6-12 mm, coriaceous, loosely appressed to the lower florets, usually keeled in the distal 1/2, sometimes prominently keeled to the base, terminating in a tooth or awn, awns to 4 cm;
lemmas 10-15 mm, toothed or awned, awns to 12 cm;
paleas not splitting at maturity.
7-10 mm, usually coriaceous and tightly appressed to the lower florets, sometimes chartaceous, acute, with 1 prominent keel, keel winged only in the distal 2/3, terminating in a tooth;
lemmas 10-12 mm, lower 2 lemmas awned, awns to 9 cm;
paleas not splitting at maturity.
mealy to flinty.
flinty.
AuBD.
AbG.
= 42.
= 28.
Triticum aestivum
Triticum timopheevii
Triticum aestivum is the most widely cultivated wheat. Both winter and spring types are grown in the Flora region. In addition to being grown for bread flour, T. aestivum cultivars are used for pastry-grade flour, Oriental-style soft noodles, and cereals.
Club wheats, sometimes called Triticum compactum Host, are cultivated in the Pacific Northwest for export to Asian markets. They have short (3.5-6 cm), compressed spikes, with up to 25 spikelets having 2-6 florets. Their spike shape varies from oblong or oval with uniformly distributed spikelets to club-shaped with spikelets crowded towards the apex.
No wild hexaploid progenitors of Triticum aestivum are known, but the two distinguishing characteristics of wild Tritcum species, fragile rachises breaking into wedge-shaped units and closely appressed glumes, are found in plants cultivated in Tibet and named T. aestivum subsp. tibetanum J.Z. Shao.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Triticum timopheevii is the domesticated derivative of T. araraticum Jakubz. It is established in Georgia, Armenia, and northeastern Turkey. It differs from other species of Triticum in its long leaf hairs and their relatively higher density. Plants with tough rachises and chartaceous glumes have been named T. militinae Zhuk. & Migush.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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