Triticum aestivum
Triticum dicoccum
ble commun, ble cultive, bread wheat, common wheat, soft wheat, wheat
emmer, far, farro
14-150 cm;
nodes glabrous or pubescent;
internodes usually hollow, even immediately below the spikes.
80-150 cm, decumbent;
nodes glabrous or pubescent;
internodes mostly hollow, solid for 1 cm below the spikes.
6-15(20) mm wide, glabrous or pubescent.
to 20 mm wide, pubescent.
(3.5)6-18 cm, usually thicker than wide to about as thick as wide, wider than thick in compact forms;
rachises shortly ciliate at the nodes and margins, not disarticulating.
5-10 cm, about as wide as thick to wider than thick, cylindrical to strongly flattened;
rachises glabrous or shortly ciliate at the nodes and margins;
internodes (0.5)2-5 mm, disarticulating with pressure, dispersal units wedge-shaped.
10-15 mm, appressed or ascending, with 3-9 florets, 2-5 seed-forming.
10-16 mm, elliptical to ovate, with 3-4 florets, usually only the lower 2 seed-forming.
6-12 mm, coriaceous, loosely appressed to the lower florets, usually keeled in the distal 1/2, sometimes prominently keeled to the base, terminating in a tooth or awn, awns to 4 cm;
lemmas 10-15 mm, toothed or awned, awns to 12 cm;
paleas not splitting at maturity.
6-10 mm, coriaceous, tightly appressed to the lower florets, with 1 prominent keel, keel winged only in the distal 2/3 terminating in a tooth;
lemmas 9-12 mm, awned, lower 2 lemmas awned, awns to 17 cm, upper lemmas unawned or shortly awned;
paleas not splitting at maturity.
mealy to flinty.
flinty.
AuBD.
AUB.
= 42.
= 28.
Triticum aestivum
Triticum dicoccum
Triticum aestivum is the most widely cultivated wheat. Both winter and spring types are grown in the Flora region. In addition to being grown for bread flour, T. aestivum cultivars are used for pastry-grade flour, Oriental-style soft noodles, and cereals.
Club wheats, sometimes called Triticum compactum Host, are cultivated in the Pacific Northwest for export to Asian markets. They have short (3.5-6 cm), compressed spikes, with up to 25 spikelets having 2-6 florets. Their spike shape varies from oblong or oval with uniformly distributed spikelets to club-shaped with spikelets crowded towards the apex.
No wild hexaploid progenitors of Triticum aestivum are known, but the two distinguishing characteristics of wild Tritcum species, fragile rachises breaking into wedge-shaped units and closely appressed glumes, are found in plants cultivated in Tibet and named T. aestivum subsp. tibetanum J.Z. Shao.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Triticum dicoccum is the domesticated derivative of T. dicoccoides. It was once grown fairly extensively in central and southern Europe, southern Russia, northern Africa, and Arabia, because it can withstand poor, waterlogged soils. It is rarely grown now. It was introduced to the Flora region as a feed grain and forage for livestock. Currently, its primary use in the region is for plant breeding; it is also sold for human consumption as farro in specialty food markets.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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