Triticum aestivum |
Triticum dicoccoides |
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ble commun, ble cultive, bread wheat, common wheat, soft wheat, wheat |
wild emmer |
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Culms | 14-150 cm; nodes glabrous or pubescent; internodes usually hollow, even immediately below the spikes. |
to 100 cm, decumbent; nodes glabrous or puberulent; internodes mostly hollow, solid for 1 cm below the spikes. |
Blades | 6-15(20) mm wide, glabrous or pubescent. |
4-6 mm wide, pubescent. |
Spikes | (3.5)6-18 cm, usually thicker than wide to about as thick as wide, wider than thick in compact forms; rachises shortly ciliate at the nodes and margins, not disarticulating. |
to 10 cm, wider than thick; rachises densely hairy at the nodes and margins; internodes 3-8 mm; disarticulation spontaneous, dispersal units wedge-shaped. |
Spikelets | 10-15 mm, appressed or ascending, with 3-9 florets, 2-5 seed-forming. |
15-25 mm, oblong to rectangular, with 3 florets, usually the lower 2 seed-forming. |
Glumes | 6-12 mm, coriaceous, loosely appressed to the lower florets, usually keeled in the distal 1/2, sometimes prominently keeled to the base, terminating in a tooth or awn, awns to 4 cm; lemmas 10-15 mm, toothed or awned, awns to 12 cm; paleas not splitting at maturity. |
10-15 mm, coriaceous, tightly appressed to the lower florets, 2-keeled, prominent keel winged to the base, 2-toothed, second tooth poorly developed; lemmas 10-15 mm, awned, awns on the lower 2 lemmas to 15 cm, on the third lemma to 2 cm; paleas not splitting at maturity. |
Endosperm | mealy to flinty. |
flinty. |
Haplomes | AuBD. |
AuB. |
2n | = 42. |
= 28. |
Triticum aestivum |
Triticum dicoccoides |
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Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; PR; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
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Discussion | Triticum aestivum is the most widely cultivated wheat. Both winter and spring types are grown in the Flora region. In addition to being grown for bread flour, T. aestivum cultivars are used for pastry-grade flour, Oriental-style soft noodles, and cereals. Club wheats, sometimes called Triticum compactum Host, are cultivated in the Pacific Northwest for export to Asian markets. They have short (3.5-6 cm), compressed spikes, with up to 25 spikelets having 2-6 florets. Their spike shape varies from oblong or oval with uniformly distributed spikelets to club-shaped with spikelets crowded towards the apex. No wild hexaploid progenitors of Triticum aestivum are known, but the two distinguishing characteristics of wild Tritcum species, fragile rachises breaking into wedge-shaped units and closely appressed glumes, are found in plants cultivated in Tibet and named T. aestivum subsp. tibetanum J.Z. Shao. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Triticum dicoccoides is the wild counterpart of T. dicoccum, and is an ancestor of both T. durum and T. aestivum. Morphologically, it is almost indistinguishable from T. araraticum Jakubz., a wild tetraploid that differs from T. dicoccoides in combining the Ab and G haplomes. Triticum dicoccoides is native to the Fertile Crescent. Its distribution overlaps that of T. araraticum in the northern and eastern portions of the region. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 277. | FNA vol. 24, p. 270. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Triticum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Triticum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. vulgare, T. aestivum subsp. vulgare | |
Name authority | L. | (Korn.) Korn. ex Schweinf. |
Web links |
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