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narrow false oat, narrow oatgrass, spike false oat, spike trisetum, trisete a epi

bitterroot trisetum, hybrid false oat

Habit Plants perennial, with both fertile and sterile shoots; cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants perennial, with both fertile and sterile shoots; shortly rhizomatous.
Culms

10-120 cm, clumped, erect, usually glabrous, sometimes villous, sometimes scabridulous.

80-110 cm, solitary, decumbent, often anthocyanic at the base, glabrous.

Leaves

mostly basal or evenly distributed;

sheaths variously pubescent or glabrous;

ligules 0.5-4 mm, truncate or rounded;

blades (3)10-20(40) cm long, 1-5 mm wide, flat, folded, or involute, erect and stiff or ascending and lax.

evenly distributed;

sheaths usually glabrous;

ligules 3-5 mm, truncate or rounded, erose;

blades 8-20 cm long, 3-7 mm wide, flat, lax, scabrous.

Panicles

(5)20-30(50) cm long, (0.5)1-2.5(5) cm wide, spikelike to open, often interrupted basally, green, purplish, or tawny, usually silvery-shiny;

branches with the spikelets evenly distributed.

13-20 cm, narrow, moderately dense, nodding, pale green, slightly tinged with purple;

branches loosely ascending, naked below for 1-2 cm, the spikelets closely and evenly distributed distally.

Spikelets

5-7.5 mm, sessile, subsessile, or on pedicels to 1.5(3.5) mm, with 2(3) florets;

rachilla internodes 0.5-1.5 mm;

rachilla hairs to 1 mm.

7-9 mm, subsessile or on pedicels to 1 cm, oblong-ovate, with 2-3(4) florets;

rachilla internodes to 2 mm;

rachilla hairs about 1 mm.

Glumes

subequal to unequal, lanceolate, usually smooth, sometimes sparsely scabrous, sometimes pilose, with wide scarious margins, apices acute to acuminate, sometimes apiculate;

lower glumes 3-4(5.5) mm;

upper glumes 4-7 mm long, as long as or longer than the lowest florets, less than twice as wide as the lower glumes;

callus hairs to 1 mm;

lemmas 3-6(7) mm, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, glabrous or pilose, sometimes scabridulous, apices bifid, teeth usually shorter than 1 mm, awned, awns 3-8 mm, arising from the upper 1/3 of the lemmas and exceeding the apices, geniculate, twisted basally;

anthers 0.7-1.4 mm.

lanceolate or oblanceolate;

lower glumes about 5.5 mm long, about 1 mm wide, widest near the base, slenderly acuminate;

upper glumes to 6.3 mm long, about 2 mm wide at or just above the middle, acuminate;

callus hairs about 0.5 mm;

lemmas 5-6.5 mm long, about 1/3 as wide as long, apices bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm, awned, awns 4-6 mm, arising about 1 mm below the teeth, not twisted basally, straight or flexuous, exceeding the lemma apices;

paleas almost equaling the lemmas;

anthers minute or to 1 mm, appearing non-functional;

ovaries pubescent.

Caryopses

1.5-3(4) mm, glabrous.

to 2.5 mm, malformed.

2n

= 14, 28, 42.

= unknown.

Trisetum spicatum

Trisetum orthochaetum

Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; ID; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trisetum spicatum grows in moist meadows and forests, and on rock ledges, tundra slopes, and screes, at 0^1300 m. Its range includes both North and South America and Eurasia. Many infraspecific taxa have been based on the variation in vestiture and openness of the panicle, but none appears to be justified (see Finot et al. 2004 for a different opinion). Trisetum montanum Vasey appears to represent no more than an extreme phase. Trisetum spicatum differs from T. sibiricum in its pubescent sheaths and denser, usually narrower panicles.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Trisetum orthochaetum is known only from Montana, in or near the edges of marshes, seeps, and creeksides, where it grows at about 1465 m. It may be a sterile hybrid between T. canescens and T. wolfii (Shelly 1987).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 748. FNA vol. 24, p. 746.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Trisetum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Trisetum
Sibling taxa
T. aureum, T. canescens, T. cernuum, T. flavescens, T. interruptum, T. melicoides, T. orthochaetum, T. sibiricum, T. wolfii
T. aureum, T. canescens, T. cernuum, T. flavescens, T. interruptum, T. melicoides, T. sibiricum, T. spicatum, T. wolfii
Synonyms T. triflorum subsp. molle, T. triflorum, T. subspicatum, T. spicatum var. pilosiglume, T. spicatum subsp. montanum, T. spicatum var. molle, T. spicatum subsp. molle, T. spicatum subsp. majus, T. spicatum var. maidenii, T. spicatum subsp. congdoni, T. montanum, T. molle
Name authority (L.) K. Richt. Hitchc.
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