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sweet beth, sweet trillium, sweet wakerobin, Vasey's trillium

giant purple wakerobin, giant trillium, giant wakerobin, sessile trillium, small-flower trillium

Rhizomes

short, stout, praemorse.

± erect, brownish, somewhat compressed-thickened, superficially bulblike, praemorse, not brittle.

Scapes

1–2 per rhizome terminus, round in cross section, 3–6.5 dm, ± slender to stout, glabrous.

1–3, green, round in cross section, 2–6.5 dm, robust.

Bracts

sessile to subsessile;

blade rhombic, 10–20 × 6–20 cm, often wider than long, not glossy, base attenuate, apex acuminate.

held well above ground, sessile (narrowing of bract blade may give bract subsessile appearance);

blade densely to weakly mottled in dark brownish green, mottling becoming more obscure to absent as bract matures, broadly ovate, 7–17.6 × 7.4–17.7 cm, not glossy, apex obtuse-rounded.

Flower

carried beneath bracts, odor faintly sweet;

sepals spreading, pale green, lanceolate-acuminate, 25–50 × 6–18 mm, margins involute, apex acuminate;

petals spreading to recurved distally, adaxially crimson, maroon-red, or brownish red, abaxially paler, grayish pink or rose, veins engraved, ovate-suborbicular, 3–6.5 × 4–6 cm, somewhat fleshy, base rounded and overlapping, margins entire, apex acute;

stamens conspicuous, ± erect to weakly recurved, 15–25 mm, longer than pistil at anthesis;

filaments grayish purple to blackish purple, longer than anthers, 5–12 mm, slender;

anthers weakly recurving, grayish purple to maroon, slender, dehiscence introrse;

connectives purple, barely equaling anther sacs;

ovary small, maroon or dark reddish purple, ± globose to conical-pyramidal, 6-ridged, 3–12 mm, basal attachment less than ovary width;

stigmas erect, recurved, distinct, gray-purple, not lobed adaxially, basally widened, ± linear distally, 2.5–6.5 mm, fleshy;

pedicel horizontal to declined-drooping, ± straight, 2–13 cm.

erect, odor roselike, spicy;

sepals spreading-ascending above bracts, green, lanceolate, 35–65 × 7–12 mm, margins entire, flat, apex obtusely rounded;

petals long-lasting, erect, connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, yellow, bronze, maroon, brown, deep purple, reddish brown, pink, dark purplish red, purplish bronze, rarely greenish white, not spirally twisted, veins not engraved, oblanceolate to obovate, 6.5–10 × 1.5–2.5 cm, thick-textured, base cuneate, margins entire, apex variably acute to almost truncate, erose;

stamens erect, purplish, 17–26 mm;

filaments purple, ca. 4 mm, widest at base, much shorter than anther sacs;

anthers erect, straight, ± purple-brown, 13–22 mm, dehiscence introrse;

connectives purple, straight, extended ca. 1–1.5 mm beyond anther sacs;

ovary purple, ovoid, 6-angled, 6–12 mm;

stigmas small, divergent or erect, distinct, purple, subulate, 4–8 mm, not fleshy.

Fruits

dark reddish maroon, ovoid, obtusely angled, relatively small, 1–1.4 × 1–2 cm, pulpy.

red-purple, fragrance not reported, ovoid, obscurely 6-angled, 2.5–3 cm, pulpy, juicy.

2n

= 10.

= 10.

Trillium vaseyi

Trillium chloropetalum

Phenology Flowering mid–late spring (late Apr–early Jun).
Habitat Rich woods, often on steep slopes, ravines, stream banks, and deep, wind-sheltered, moist coves
Elevation 300–700 m (1000–2300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; GA; NC; SC; TN
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Although sometimes submerged within Trillium erectum, T. vaseyi has a later blooming season, a nodding flower of much larger size, a sweet fragrance, and cove habitat unlike that of T. erectum. In my garden hybridization experiments, T. vaseyi hybrids have different color patterns than T. erectum hybrids. Trillium vaseyi is clearly a distinct species. It frequently hybridizes with T. rugelii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

J. D. Freeman (1975) considered that Trillium chloropetalum differs from T. albidum in having introrse (not latrorse) anther sacs, and that the purple pigments present on anther and ovary tissue here are absent in T. albidum. In some places, hybridization between the two certainly has occurred, and a complete range of intergrades exists.

This species merits further study. The following varieties are only weakly differentiated and perhaps ought to be dropped.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Petal tissue always with yellow pigments, often present with other pigments; petals yellow, greenish yellow, greenish purple, or bronze-green or brown.
var. chloropetalum
1. Petal tissue lacking yellow pigments; petals purple, reddish purple, garnet red, pink, or greenish white.
var. giganteum
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 105. FNA vol. 26.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Trillium Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum
Sibling taxa
T. albidum, T. angustipetalum, T. catesbaei, T. cernuum, T. chloropetalum, T. cuneatum, T. decipiens, T. decumbens, T. discolor, T. erectum, T. flexipes, T. foetidissimum, T. gracile, T. grandiflorum, T. kurabayashii, T. lancifolium, T. ludovicianum, T. luteum, T. maculatum, T. nivale, T. ovatum, T. parviflorum, T. persistens, T. petiolatum, T. pusillum, T. recurvatum, T. reliquum, T. rivale, T. rugelii, T. sessile, T. simile, T. stamineum, T. sulcatum, T. underwoodii, T. undulatum, T. viride, T. viridescens
T. albidum, T. angustipetalum, T. catesbaei, T. cernuum, T. cuneatum, T. decipiens, T. decumbens, T. discolor, T. erectum, T. flexipes, T. foetidissimum, T. gracile, T. grandiflorum, T. kurabayashii, T. lancifolium, T. ludovicianum, T. luteum, T. maculatum, T. nivale, T. ovatum, T. parviflorum, T. persistens, T. petiolatum, T. pusillum, T. recurvatum, T. reliquum, T. rivale, T. rugelii, T. sessile, T. simile, T. stamineum, T. sulcatum, T. underwoodii, T. undulatum, T. vaseyi, T. viride, T. viridescens
Subordinate taxa
T. chloropetalum var. chloropetalum, T. chloropetalum var. giganteum
Synonyms T. erectum var. vaseyi T. sessile var. chloropetalum, T. giganteum var. chloropetalum
Name authority Harbison: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 24. (1901) (Torrey) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 661. (1902)
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