Trillium stamineum |
Trillium ludovicianum |
|
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Blue Ridge wakerobin, twisted trillium |
Louisiana trillium, Louisiana wakerobin |
|
Rhizomes | horizontal, brownish, short, thick, praemorse, not brittle. |
± horizontal, brownish, short, thick, praemorse, not brittle. |
Scapes | 1–3, round in cross section, 1.5–3 dm, slender to stout, pilose-pubescent, rarely glabrous. |
1–3, round in cross section, 1.4–2.6 dm, ± slender, glabrous. |
Bracts | held well above ground, sessile; blade light silvery or bluish green with strong to faint mottling in darker colors, mottling becoming obscure with age, ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 6.3–7.6 × 3.3–5 cm, larger bracts abaxially pilose-pubescent, margins entire, apex acute. |
held well above ground, sessile; blade strongly mottled in dark and bronzy green, often with central light strip, mottling becoming somewhat obscure with age, lanceolate-ovate, 5.3–9.5 × 2.3–5 cm, not glossy, margins of distal 1/3 convex-curved to apex, apex rounded-acute. |
Flower | erect, odor strong, of carrion; sepals displayed above bracts, spreading to ± horizontal position, green, purple markings adaxially, lanceolate-elliptic, 17–40 mm, margins entire, purple, apex acuminate; petals long-lasting, spreading and carried in ± horizontal position unlike any other sessile trillium, very deep maroon to blackish red, rarely yellow, purple-streaked, with 1–2 spiral twists, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate or linear, narrow, 1.5–3.8 × 0.3–0.6 cm, rarely broader, thick-textured, margins entire, apex sharply acute to rounded, tips incurving slightly; stamens fully exposed, somewhat stiffly erect, dark purple, 16–24 mm, thick; filaments dark purple, 2–4 mm, basally dilated; anthers erect, straight, dark purple, 13–18 mm, thick, dehiscence extrorse; connectives dark purple, straight, coarse, flat, ± not extended beyond anther sacs; ovary dark purple, oval, 6-angled, 5–7 mm; stigmas erect, widely spreading, often strongly recurved or recoiled, distinct, purple, linear, 4–10 mm, slightly thickened basally. |
erect, odor of carrion; sepals displayed above bracts, spreading, green, lanceolate-oblanceolate, 19–35 × 2.7–4 mm, margins entire, apex rounded or acute to sometimes weakly reflexed; petals long-lasting, faintly introrsely curved-erect-spreading, weakly connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, dark maroon-brown, purplish, or dull greenish, or 2-colored, basal portion purple, distal portion grayish green, not spirally twisted, oblanceolate-linear, 3.5–5.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, thick-textured, thickened and weakly clawed basally, margins entire, apex acute; stamens erect, straight, 10–18 mm; filaments olive-orange, 2–3 mm, widened basally; anthers erect, straight, olive to orange, 7–20 mm, slender, dehiscence latrorse; connectives olive to orange, straight, scarcely extended beyond anther sac; ovary purple, ovoid, 6-angled, 8–9 mm; stigmas erect, with spreading or coiled tips, distinct, pale purple, subulate, 3–6 mm, ± fleshy. |
Fruits | baccate, purple, odorless, ovoid, strongly 6-angled, sometimes winged, 2 × 1–1.5 cm, pulpy, moist. |
dark purplish green, little or no odor, ovoid, 6-angled, pulpy. |
2n | = 10. |
|
Trillium stamineum |
Trillium ludovicianum |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (late Mar–mid May). | Flowering late winter–early spring (early Mar–Apr). |
Habitat | Dry, upland woods of deciduous trees, deciduous forest mixed with pines, soil on limestone outcroppings, mesic woods, sandy flats along medium streams, steep wooded slopes, banks of rivers | Low flatwoods, floodplains along streams, steep ravine slopes leading to floodplains, mixed pine-beech woods |
Elevation | 50–200 m (200–700 ft) | 50–500 m (200–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; MS; TN
|
LA; MS |
Discussion | The range of Trillium ludovicianum is near to that of T. cuneatum in Mississippi, and the two appear to intergrade. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 115. | FNA vol. 26, p. 111. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Harbison: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 23. (1901) | Harbison: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 23. (1901) |
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