Trillium rivale |
Trillium persistens |
|
---|---|---|
brook trillium, brook wake-robin |
persistent wakerobin |
|
Rhizomes | horizontal, short, praemorse, fleshy. |
horizontal to erect, short, praemorse. |
Scapes | 1–2, round in cross section, 0.4–1.5 dm, slender, glabrous. |
1–2, round in cross section, 2–3 dm, slender, glabrous. |
Bracts | distinctly petiolate; blade bluish green, occasionally with silvery green pattern along major veins, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.8–6 cm, somewhat thick-textured, glossy, weakly to strongly cordate basally, apex long-acuminate; petiole (0.5–)1–3(–6) cm. |
horizontal to drooping distally, sessile; blade 3–5-veined, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3–8.5+ × 1.5–3.5 cm, adaxial surface faintly glossy, rarely with ± 2 mm, winged, petiolelike base, apex acuminate. |
Flower | erect, rapidly recurving below bracts after pollination, ± odorless; sepals conspicuous, spreading, green, weakly sulcate, oblong or tapered apically, usually shorter and narrower than petals, 10–23 × 4–8 mm, margins entire, apex rounded-apiculate; petals erect-spreading, not recurved or only in distal 1/2, white (rarely pale pink), usually with dark madder-purple flecks, rarely almost entirely covered with madder-purple, color not changing with age, veins inconspicuous, not engraved, ovate-cordate to ± orbicular, tapered bluntly apically above middle, 1.3–2.8 × 1–2.4 cm, ± thin-textured, base rounded, cuneate, margins entire, mostly without undulations, apex ± apiculate-acuminate; stamens erect, 5–12 mm; filaments white, ± equaling anthers; anthers straight, yellow, 3–6 mm, dehiscence ± extrorse; connectives not extended beyond anther sacs; ovary creamy white, ovoid, weakly 6-angled but angles in close pairs, giving superficial impression of 3-angled ovary, short, 3–9 × 4 mm, somewhat obscured by anthers broadly attached; stigmas recurved and appearing ± lobed adaxially, at least in dried specimens, connate basally to distinct and closely grouped, white or cream, 2–4 mm, uniformly thick, fleshy; pedicel strongly erect at anthesis, strongly recurving and elongating below bracts after pollination, 2.5–11 cm. |
opening above bracts; sepals spreading, green, elliptic to narrowly ovate, 11–22 × 5–6 mm, thin-textured, margins entire, apex acute; petals erect proximally, spreading distally, white, fading to deep pink with inverted V-shaped basal portion remaining white, veins not engraved, linear-elliptic to occasionally linear, 2–3.5 × 0.5–1 cm, thin-textured, margins undulate at least in distal portion, apex acute; stamens prominent, erect to divergent, straight, 9–14 mm; filaments ± equaling anthers; anthers straight, yellow or white, dehiscence introrse; connective barely longer than anther sacs; ovary white or greenish white, obovate, very sharply 6-angled, 2.5–6 mm; style 2–6 mm; stigmas erect, slightly divergent at tip, delicate, not lobed, shortly connate basally, uniformly thin; pedicel erect or slightly leaning, 1–3 cm, 1/4–1/2 bract length at anthesis. |
Fruits | greenish white, odorless, globose, 0.9–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm, pulpy, not juicy. |
baccate, greenish white, 6-angled, pulpy, not juicy. |
2n | = 10. |
|
Trillium rivale |
Trillium persistens |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (early Mar–early Jun); withering in summer. | Flowering spring (early Mar–mid Apr). |
Habitat | Open, grassy hillsides, manzanita shrubbery, pine groves, clearings in sequoia groves, roadside banks, ledges, gravelly talus | Humus soils in mixed deciduous-pine woodlands, along stream flats and at edges of Rhododendron thickets, occasionally in open Vaccinium-filled clearings |
Elevation | 10–1400 m (0–4600 ft) | 50 m (200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
GA; SC |
Discussion | Trillium rivale is confined to the Klamath and Siskiyou mountains of southwestern Oregon and California. It has a strong affinity for banks along streams and adjacent to trickles in Darlingtonia bogs, mainly on serpentine soils. After flowering, the entire plant may enlarge and become more robust and turgid with very glossy leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Listed as a U.S. endangered species, Trillium persistens has appeared as such on a postage stamp. The species is very rare and known only from an approximately four-square-mile area at the head of Tallulah Gorge in Georgia and South Carolina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 102. | FNA vol. 26, p. 101. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Trillium | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Trillium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 378. (1885) | W. H. Duncan: Rhodora 73: 244. (1971) |
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