Trillium rivale |
Trillium ludovicianum |
|
---|---|---|
brook trillium, brook wake-robin |
Louisiana trillium, Louisiana wakerobin |
|
Rhizomes | horizontal, short, praemorse, fleshy. |
± horizontal, brownish, short, thick, praemorse, not brittle. |
Scapes | 1–2, round in cross section, 0.4–1.5 dm, slender, glabrous. |
1–3, round in cross section, 1.4–2.6 dm, ± slender, glabrous. |
Bracts | distinctly petiolate; blade bluish green, occasionally with silvery green pattern along major veins, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.8–6 cm, somewhat thick-textured, glossy, weakly to strongly cordate basally, apex long-acuminate; petiole (0.5–)1–3(–6) cm. |
held well above ground, sessile; blade strongly mottled in dark and bronzy green, often with central light strip, mottling becoming somewhat obscure with age, lanceolate-ovate, 5.3–9.5 × 2.3–5 cm, not glossy, margins of distal 1/3 convex-curved to apex, apex rounded-acute. |
Flower | erect, rapidly recurving below bracts after pollination, ± odorless; sepals conspicuous, spreading, green, weakly sulcate, oblong or tapered apically, usually shorter and narrower than petals, 10–23 × 4–8 mm, margins entire, apex rounded-apiculate; petals erect-spreading, not recurved or only in distal 1/2, white (rarely pale pink), usually with dark madder-purple flecks, rarely almost entirely covered with madder-purple, color not changing with age, veins inconspicuous, not engraved, ovate-cordate to ± orbicular, tapered bluntly apically above middle, 1.3–2.8 × 1–2.4 cm, ± thin-textured, base rounded, cuneate, margins entire, mostly without undulations, apex ± apiculate-acuminate; stamens erect, 5–12 mm; filaments white, ± equaling anthers; anthers straight, yellow, 3–6 mm, dehiscence ± extrorse; connectives not extended beyond anther sacs; ovary creamy white, ovoid, weakly 6-angled but angles in close pairs, giving superficial impression of 3-angled ovary, short, 3–9 × 4 mm, somewhat obscured by anthers broadly attached; stigmas recurved and appearing ± lobed adaxially, at least in dried specimens, connate basally to distinct and closely grouped, white or cream, 2–4 mm, uniformly thick, fleshy; pedicel strongly erect at anthesis, strongly recurving and elongating below bracts after pollination, 2.5–11 cm. |
erect, odor of carrion; sepals displayed above bracts, spreading, green, lanceolate-oblanceolate, 19–35 × 2.7–4 mm, margins entire, apex rounded or acute to sometimes weakly reflexed; petals long-lasting, faintly introrsely curved-erect-spreading, weakly connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, dark maroon-brown, purplish, or dull greenish, or 2-colored, basal portion purple, distal portion grayish green, not spirally twisted, oblanceolate-linear, 3.5–5.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, thick-textured, thickened and weakly clawed basally, margins entire, apex acute; stamens erect, straight, 10–18 mm; filaments olive-orange, 2–3 mm, widened basally; anthers erect, straight, olive to orange, 7–20 mm, slender, dehiscence latrorse; connectives olive to orange, straight, scarcely extended beyond anther sac; ovary purple, ovoid, 6-angled, 8–9 mm; stigmas erect, with spreading or coiled tips, distinct, pale purple, subulate, 3–6 mm, ± fleshy. |
Fruits | greenish white, odorless, globose, 0.9–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm, pulpy, not juicy. |
dark purplish green, little or no odor, ovoid, 6-angled, pulpy. |
2n | = 10. |
|
Trillium rivale |
Trillium ludovicianum |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (early Mar–early Jun); withering in summer. | Flowering late winter–early spring (early Mar–Apr). |
Habitat | Open, grassy hillsides, manzanita shrubbery, pine groves, clearings in sequoia groves, roadside banks, ledges, gravelly talus | Low flatwoods, floodplains along streams, steep ravine slopes leading to floodplains, mixed pine-beech woods |
Elevation | 10–1400 m (0–4600 ft) | 50–500 m (200–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
LA; MS |
Discussion | Trillium rivale is confined to the Klamath and Siskiyou mountains of southwestern Oregon and California. It has a strong affinity for banks along streams and adjacent to trickles in Darlingtonia bogs, mainly on serpentine soils. After flowering, the entire plant may enlarge and become more robust and turgid with very glossy leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The range of Trillium ludovicianum is near to that of T. cuneatum in Mississippi, and the two appear to intergrade. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 102. | FNA vol. 26, p. 111. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Trillium | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 378. (1885) | Harbison: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 23. (1901) |
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