Trillium recurvatum |
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bloody butcher, bloody noses, prairie trillium, prairie wakerobin, toadshade |
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Rhizomes | horizontal, white, slender, elongated, brittle. |
Scapes | typically 1(–3), round in cross section, 1.5–4.8 dm, slender to robust, glabrous. |
Bracts | held well above ground, strongly petiolate; blade at first strongly mottled in darker green or bronze, mottling fading with seasonal expansion after anthesis, rarely all green, ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 6–18 × 2.5–6.5 cm, not glossy, apex acuminate; petiole ca. 1/5 bract length. |
Flower | erect, fragrance not reported; sepals strongly recurved basally and held against scape by turgor pressure, green, sometimes purple-streaked, ovate-lanceolate, 18–35 × 6–18 mm, margins entire, apex acute; petals long-lasting, erect, ± connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, dark maroon purple to clear yellow, occasionally 2-colored with purple and yellow, not spirally twisted, lanceolate to ovate, 1.8–4.8 × 0.9–2 cm, thick-textured, base attenuate to weakly clawed, margins entire, apex acute; stamens incurved, 10–15 mm; filaments erect, dark purple, 4–6 mm, ± slender; anthers strongly incurved above filaments, dark purple, 5–16 mm, ± thick, dehiscence introrse; connectives strongly incurved inward, dark purple, projecting about 1 mm beyond anther sacs; ovary greenish with ± purple stains distally, transversely rhombic to angular-ovate, somewhat 6-angled or -winged, 7–10 mm, ± equaling filament height; stigmas erect, divergent-recurved, distinct, ± linear, 4–6 mm, slightly thickened basally. |
Fruits | green to white- and purple-streaked, odorless, rhomboid-ovoid, 6-angled, almost winged, ca. 1 cm diam., pulpy. |
2n | = 10. |
Trillium recurvatum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (late Mar–late May). |
Habitat | Rich clayey floodplain soils, plants often temporarily inundated while in flower, rich moist woods and bluffs, limestone-derived soils |
Elevation | 100–200 m (300–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MI; MO; MS; OH; TN; TX; WI
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Discussion | Trillium recurvatum has several named color forms, most notably forma shayi E. J. Palmer & Steyermark with clear yellow petals, and one foliose anomaly (possibly caused by mycoplasma). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 114. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum |
Sibling taxa | |
Name authority | L. C. Beck: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11: 178. (1826) |
Web links |