Trillium ovatum |
Trillium viridescens |
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Pacific trillium, trillium, western trillium, western wake-robin, western white trillium, white or western trillium, white trillium |
green trillium, Ozark green trillium, Ozark trillium, tapertip wakerobin |
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Rhizomes | semierect to horizontal, short, stout, praemorse. |
horizontal, brownish, short, thick, praemorse, not brittle. |
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Scapes | 1–2, round, 2–5 dm, ± slender, glabrous. |
1–3, round in cross section, 2–5 dm, ± stout, glabrous to scabrous. |
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Bracts | sessile, subsessile, or short-petiolate; blade medium green, sometimes blotched and mottled, main veins prominent, ovate-rhombic, 7–12 × 5–20 cm, continuing to expand during anthesis, base rounded, apex acuminate. |
touching ground in early anthesis or not at all, sessile; blade dark green, obscurely marked with few–many darker blotches (very rarely unmottled), mottling becoming obscure with age, few or no stomates adaxially, ovate-elliptic to broadly so, 8.5–14 × 6.8–9 cm, apex acuminate. |
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Flower | erect or nodding, odorless; sepals spreading to horizontal, green, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 15–50 × 6–20 mm, margins entire, apex acute; petals erect-ascending, usually wide-spreading from base, exposing entire pistil, white or with pink or blush markings, lacking V-shaped markings, fading to rosy pink, purple, or dark red, veins not deeply engraved, ± linear to widely obovate, 1.5–7 ×1–4 cm, widest at or above middle, thin-textured, margins flat to undulate, apex acuminate; stamens prominent, slightly recurved-spreading to straight, 10–18 mm; filaments white, shorter than anthers, slender; anthers yellow, 4–16 mm, slender, dehiscence latrorse-introrse; ovary green or white, ovoid, 6-angled, 5–12 mm, attachment ± 3/4 ovary width; stigmas recurved, barely connate basally, greenish white or white, linear, not lobed adaxially, 6–10 mm, uniformly thin; pedicel erect to leaning, 2–6 cm. |
erect, odor, if present, spicy or musty; sepals displayed above bracts, widely spreading, green or variously purple marked, lanceolate, 38–60 × 5–12 mm, margins entire, apex acute; petals long-lasting, erect, ± connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, purplish black on claw, greenish to yellow-green distally, sometimes all dark purple, occasionally slightly twisted, linear to narrowly spatulate, 4–8 × 0.8–1.2 cm, thick-textured, base slightly thickened and clawed, margins entire, apex rounded, lacking nipple; stamens erect, connivent (clustered together, leaning upon each other), 16–25 mm; filaments olive or purplish brown, 2.5–5 mm, very slender, widened basally; anthers erect, straight or slightly incurved, olive-brown, 13–20 mm, ± slender, dehiscence latrorse; connectives brownish, barely extending beyond anther sacs; ovary pale greenish white basally, purplish distally, ovoid, 6-angled, 5.5–10 mm; stigmas erect, divergent-recurved, distinct, purplish abaxially, sessile, almost linear, 6–10 mm, ± equaling ovary, ± not fleshy, very slightly widened basally. |
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Fruits | baccate, green or white, ± odorless, broadly ovoid, obscurely winged, 1.2–2.8 × 0.7–1.9 cm, pulpy-moist. |
dark purplish green or green, odor unreported, ovoid, obscurely angled, with remains of persistent stigma, 0.7–1.5 cm, pulpy, not juicy at time of separation from receptacle. |
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2n | = 10. |
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Trillium ovatum |
Trillium viridescens |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (early Apr–mid May). | |||||
Habitat | Deciduous forests, usually quite rich, on banks, bluffs, talus slopes, floodplain alluvium, with cane (Arundinaria) or on sloping banks just above normal flood levels in heavy, clayey soils, with common spring ephemerals | |||||
Elevation | 100–400 m (300–1300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America
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AR; KS; MO; OK; TX
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. J. D. Freeman (1975) considered that Trillium viridescens intergrades with T. gracile in northeastern Texas and stated that these putative intergrades produce purple petals, but purple-petaled forms also occur in Arkansas, far from the influence of T. gracile. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 100. | FNA vol. 26, p. 117. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Trillium | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 245. (1814) | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 155. (1837) | ||||
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